This article develops a boundary observer for the estimation of congested freeway traffic states based on Aw-Rascle-Zhang (ARZ) partial differential equations (PDEs) model. Traffic state refers to acquisition information from partially observed data. problem is relevant due its limited accessibility real-time information. We propose model-driven approach in which aggregated segment obtained sim...

Backgrounds: A straight-forward way to identify whether a drug or environmental chemical can be harmful to unborn baby is to evaluate its effect on laboratory animals. All invivo methods need large number of animal and are therefore time consuming and expensive. However, the thousands of chemicals in need of testing, to reduce the spending of live animals, an assortment of in vitro assays has ...