purpose: to determine the correlation between presumed risk factors and diabetic retinopathy (dr) in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus (dm). methods: this descriptive analytical study was performed on medical records of patients with type ii dm referred to a diabetes clinic in birjand valiasr hospital from september 2006 to september 2007. parameters included age, sex, duration of dm, typ...

background: chronic low back pain (clbp) is one of the most prevalent health problems which is affected by psychological disorders.the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of psychological intervention on chronic low back pain among a sample of iranian nurses.   methods and material: this is a randomized clinical trial. the participants of this study consisted of 84 nurses suffering from ...

background & aim : mother-infant separation is one of the main causes of sleep-wake states disorders in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of in-arms-holding by mothers on sleep-wake states disorders of preterm neonates. methods & materials : in a pilot study, through a semi-experimental pretest-posttest method, 35 preterm neonates wit...

Background: Although nurses are legally and morally responsible for the quality of patient care, patients also have the right to receive high-quality and decent nursing care. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of education-based empowerment program on the nursing care quality in the dialysis ward. Methods: The present semi-experimental clinical trial study was pe...

background and objectives: accreditation is a widely used mechanism to keep organization adherent to the established standards. the aim of the study was to identify barriers towards promotion of accreditation in the iranian hospitals, and exploring the potential overcoming strategies.   methods: a qualitative study design was adopted. data were collected using a questionnaire with open question...