Background: Approximately 3% to 5% of obstetric patients will experience postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Even though the most common reason for postpartum hemorrhage, as the main cause of maternal death, is uterine atony; other complications such as laceration, hematoma, inversion, rupture; retained tissue or invasive placenta; and coagulopathy may result in PPH. The main cause of retained placent...

A rectocele is a herniation of the rectum through the recto vaginal septum causing a protrusion of the posterior vaginal wall. The prevalence of rectocele ranges from 20% to 80% of the general population. Hendrix et al. performed a cross-sectional analysis of women who enrolled in the women’s health initiative of a hormone replacement therapy clinical trial. The total populationwas 27,342women....