This study examines the question of whether or not media difSer in the perceptions they generate among users with respect to social presence, communication effectiveness and communication interface. The study observes these factors over a four-session period among thirty three groups performing a collaborative writing task. Groups were assigned to one of three treatments, face-toface, distribut...

Although governance is about interpersonal relationships, it appears that the antecedents and consequences of affective bonds (social ties) in social groups dealing with commonpool resources and public goods have been neglected. The welfare costs of the neglect of such bonds and their dynamic properties in economics are unclear but may be substantial. In this paper, I discuss a theoretical ‘dua...

The social loafing effect, that subjects work harder alone than in groups, was contrasted against the use of two motivational techniques. Subjects were 80 undergraduate students at a midwestern university. A 2 x 2 factorial design was employed contrasting the use of group goals with the salience of evaluation apprehension. Subjects, working in groups of four, were asked to generate possible use...

Recent industry white papers explore presence as one of the hottest, most valuable design trends for mobile services that has only recently been leveraged in designing mobile services. Building on this viewpoint and drawing on prior communication research, we show that presence is a much richer construct than these white papers suggest, and we more fully explore the application of three types o...

Recent industry white papers explore presence as one of the hottest, most valuable design trends for mobile services that has only recently been leveraged in designing mobile services. Building on this viewpoint and drawing on prior communication research, we show that presence is a much richer construct than these white papers suggest, and we more fully explore the application of three types o...

Knowledge sharing occurs between humans, rather than being a human-computer process. Knowledge transformation is an outcome of individuals’ knowledge-sharing experiences. Social interaction is central to both knowledge transformation and to learning. When learners intermingle, there may be a shift in knowledge due to the social interaction. Consequently, knowledge transformation is a social pro...

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A between-group experiment was carried out to assess whether two different presence questionnaires can distinguish between real and virtual experiences. One group of 10 subjects searched for a box in a real office environment. A second group of 10 subjects carried out the same task in a virtual environment simulating the same office. Immediately after their experience subjects were given two di...

In this chapter the fundamental aspects involved in biological treatment processes applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters are described. A comprehensive review of the literature is provided including kinetic, microbiological and biochemical aspects of nitrification, denitrification and anammox, as well as key operational parameters affecting the processes. This information is rele...