Information concerning vertebrate pests of beekeeping was gathered from state and provincial apiary inspectors through a questionnaire. Forty-eight states and 9 provinces responded. Additional pest information has been assembled from published articles. Bears represent the major vertebrate pest based on severity of damage to colonies. Total estimated losses reported amounted to $623,000 annuall...

The paper investigates the interaction between dynamic forms of incentive mechanisms (patent systems) and dynamic forms of problems (adaptations of pests and pathogens). Since biological problems recur, the design of the incentive mechanism must take into consideration: a) the need for investments into R&D that take into account the impermanence of the solution concepts; and b) the impact of th...

Genetically modified (GM) crops are used extensively worldwide to control diploid agricultural insect pests that reproduce sexually. However, future GM crops will likely soon target haplodiploid and parthenogenetic insects. As rapid pest adaptation could compromise these novel crops, strategies to manage resistance in haplodiploid and parthenogenetic pests are urgently needed. Here, we develope...

Historically, U.S. forests have been invaded by a variety of nonindigenous insects and pathogens. Some of these pests have catastrophically impacted important species over a relatively short timeframe. To curtail future changes of this magnitude, agencies such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service have devoted substantial resources to assessing the risks associated with recent or...

Healthy Trees – People (HT-HP) is an outreach and education program created to enlist train participants in exotic pest detection while providing them with structured opportunities connect urban nature increase their physical emotional health. HT- HP creates infrastructure engagement by the populace tree canopy. The solicits engage 8-week intervention designed expand capacity detect non-native ...

T. HE AIRPLANE holds a bright new hope in the farmers' uphill struggle with insects. Since 1922, when Department engineers and entomologists developed a practical method for dusting cottonfields with calcium arscnatc to protect the crop against the boll weevil, commercial airplane dusting has become routine, particularly in cultivated fields that spread over a wide area unbroken by trees or shr...

Pest index, a new approach to categorizing the threat posed by an organism to woody plants, is proposed to assist plant managers in establishing treatment thresholds for pests of woody plants. The need for such a tool is based on the incredible diversity of pests of woody plants and the lack of experimental data establishing such thresholds. The pest index is computed using information about th...

In the long run, this holistic approach to dealing with pests should reduce pesticide use, provide economic savings for the farmer and protect both the environment and human health. The term ‘integrated’ implies incorporation of natural enemy/antagonist levels into decision-making, and use of compatible, non-disruptive tactics that preserve these agents. Integration can be viewed as either vert...

In order to improve the recognition rate and accuracy of stored grain pests classification, saving classification time, a new recognition method based on the Gabor wavelet and sparse representation is proposed in this paper. In this paper, nine typical pests in the stored grain are regarded as the research object, Gabor energy features and morphological features are extracted, principal compone...