✖ Rural LHDs are very small, with fewer than 5 working professionals in the average office, compared with nearly 32 in an average urban office. ✖ The per capita public health workforce supply is slightly greater in rural than in urban LHDs (32:100,000 versus 29:100,000). ✖ Public health nurses form the core of rural LHDs; urban LHDs have a wider variety of professional categories represented wi...

Urban green spaces provide an array of benefits, or ecosystem services, that support our physical, psychological, and social health. In many cases, however, these benefits are not equitably distributed across diverse urban populations. In this paper, we explore relationships between cultural ecosystem services provided by urban green space and the social determinants of health outlined in the U...

Urban versus rural place of residence has proven to be a critical health determinant over time and across countries. Several studies have demonstrated an urban advantage in mortality in China. This variation by place of residence could be a function of differences in characteristics of individuals, differences in urban and rural communities, or a combination of individual and community factors....

This paper concerns urban health systems in developing counties (the South) and considers the determinants and outcomes of urban health and the activities that link them. It also identifies challenges for action and priorities for research. Because cities are particularly complex in terms of the range of poverty, environmental, social and service factors that can determine health, it helps to h...

CONTEXT Past studies show that rural populations are less likely than urban populations to have health insurance coverage, which may severely limit their access to needed health services. PURPOSE To examine rural-urban differences in various aspects of health insurance coverage among working-age adults in Kentucky. METHODS Data are from a household survey conducted in Kentucky in 2005. The ...

Due to the inherent discrete nature of sensing, interpolation is a key activity in sensing. Interpolation in urban computing faces an unprecedented inference issue that was not present in large scale traditional sensing environments. Obstacles such as buildings and walls are prevalent in urban sensing, and it is important to consider them in urban sensing interpolation. This paper introduces an...

This paper presents a multidimensional approach to examining the urban evidence-policy interface in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and applies this approach to a case study from Pakistan. Key features of urban health policy and the significance of the evidence-policy interface in rapidly changing LMICs are articulated; characteristics of evidence that has been successfully incorporat...

Housing and urban environments represent the physical context for everyday life and have a significant impact on population health and well-being. Depending on the quality of housing and urban conditions, they can support or restrict the health of their residents through a variety of aspects such as air pollution, noise, thermal conditions, safety aspects and environmental contamination. Theref...