Universal Dependencies incur a high cost in computation for unbiased system development. We propose a 100% empirically chosen small subset of UD languages for efficient parsing system development. The technique used is based on measurements of model capacity globally. We show that the diversity of the resulting representative language set is superior to the requirements-based procedure.

Rapid urbanization has occurred in northwestern China, threatening the sustainability of its fragile dryland ecosystems. A lack of precise urban land-cover information has limited our understanding on the urbanization in the dryland. Here, we examined urban land-cover changes from 2000 to 2014 in 21 major cities that comprise over 50% of the developed land in arid China, using Landsat Enhanced ...

Urbanization is one of the great challenges of our time and unchecked haphazard urbanization is a serious threat both to the environment and social and economic balance. In order to meet global sustainability targets, rapid urban growth must be channelled into environmentally friendly, sustainable and liveable urban environments. Thus, this special issue focuses on sustainable urban design whic...

Urban ecosystem services are crucial for human well-being and the livability of cities. A central challenge for sustaining ecosystem services lies in addressing scale mismatches between ecological processes on one hand, and social processes of governance on the other. This article synthesizes a set of case studies from urban green areas in Stockholm, Sweden—allotment gardens, urban parks, cemet...

Urban agriculture (UA) has a long tradition in many countries worldwide, is actively engaging about 800 million people, and is now increasingly considered by urban planning and land-use personnel. Urban cropland, in particular, covers more than 67 Mha or more than 5% of the total global cropland area. Urban agriculture practices have many benefits and, in particular, may contribute to food secu...

Urban computing is an emerging multi-disciplinary research field that focuses on computing and digital networks in urban landscapes, and on the cultural and social impact this has on the city. This diploma is an exploration into this field.

Enzyme kinetics are cyclic. We study a Markov renewal process model of single-enzyme turnover in nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) with sustained concentrations for substrates and products. We show that the forward and backward cycle times have identical nonexponential distributions: Theta + (t)=Theta_(t). This equation generalizes the Haldane relation in reversible enzyme kinetics. In terms o...

Lane detection in urban environments is a challenging task. That is mainly due to the non existence of unique models, poor quality of lane markings due to wear, occlusions due to the presence of traffic and complex road geometry. In this work we present a novel lane detection and tracking algorithm for urban road scenarios based on weak models, which is implemented by a particle filter. The alg...

Following Partition and the formation of Pakistan people have adapted to tremendous changes in their material circumstances and in their political, economic and social life, particularly in urban areas. Important resources that have helped support urban adaptation are the institutions of the family and its reproduction through arranging marriages1. Despite considerable change in the morphology ...

From 1 December 1988 through 28 February 1991, 7,290 rectal swab specimens received in our laboratory were screened for Yersinia enterocolitica. A total of 76 patients had Y. enterocolitica isolated from their stool samples. Of these patients, 59 (77.6%) were 12 months old or younger. Y. enterocolitica was second only to Salmonella spp. in this age group. Routine screening for Y. enterocolitica...