radiation input from the sun is the source of energy for the earth’s climate system (hartmann, 1994). most of the solar radiation absorbed at the surface, the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. the global temperature profile of the atmosphere reflects a balance between the radiative, convective, and dynamical heating/cooling of the surface-atmosphere system. understanding of the climate change...

The atmosphere of the Sun is highly structured and dynamic in nature. From the photosphere and chromosphere into the transition region and the corona plasma-β changes from above to below one, i.e. while in the lower atmosphere the energy density of the plasma dominates, in the upper atmosphere the magnetic field plays the governing role — one might speak of a " magnetic transition ". Therefore ...