Necessary and sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of solutions are developed for twofold saddle point problems which arise in mixed formulations of problems in continuum mechanics. This work extends the classical saddle point theory to accommodate nonlinear constitutive relations and the twofold saddle structure. Application to problems in incompressible fluid mechanics employing...

1 This work was supported by DFG grant WU 245/1-3 Abstract Power consumption of digital systems may increase significantly during testing. In this paper, systems equipped with a scan-based built-in self-test like the STUMPS architecture are analyzed, the modules and modes with the highest power consumption are identified, and design modifications to reduce power consumption are proposed. The de...

We show that in bounded domains with no-slip boundary conditions, the Navier-Stokes pressure can be determined in a such way that it is strictly dominated by viscosity. As a consequence, in a general domain we can treat the Navier-Stokes equations as a perturbed vector diffusion equation, instead of as a perturbed Stokes system. To illustrate the advantages of this view, we provide a simple pro...

Background and Aim: Neurofibromatosis-1(NF-1) is a common genetic condition in children. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in neurofibromatosis, there might be anomalous development of bone with or without any local anomaly of neuro-ectodermal basis. This review was conducted to highlight the different features of spinal disorders in this congenital disease. Methods and Materials: Di...

Health risks from asbestos exposures have been evaluated, considering past professional histories when exposures at workplaces were higher than today. A linear no-threshold (LNT) model has been applied, although its relevance is unproven. Fibers are often found in the lungs and pleura of deceased people. Fiber findings do not prove that a disease is caused by asbestos. It is reasonable to assum...

This paper considers the optimal control problem for constrained discrete–time systems affected by measured and bounded disturbances and uncertainties in the underlying system equations. This problem setting leads to the sup–inf robust optimal control problems. Three classes of discrete–time systems permitting the characterization of the sup–inf value functions and robust optimal control polici...

This paper reports the results obtained with a group of 24 14-year-old students when presented with a set of algebra tasks by the Leeds Modelling System, LMS. These same students were given a comporoble paper-and-pencil test crud detailed interviews some four months later. The latter studies uncovered several kinds of student misunderstandings that LMS had not detected. Some students had profou...

Performance in a dual task is typically worse than performance in a single task due to the sharing of limited cognitive capacity. The present study found the opposite results when the task involved postural control in non-typical standing. Thirtysix children aged 4-9 years stood on a force plate for 10 seconds with a normal or heel-to-toe stance. In the dual-task condition, they also performed ...

XIAOLONG YAN, PING WU, HONGQING LING, GUOHUA XU, FANGSEN XU and QIFA ZHANG* Laboratory of Plant Nutritional Genetics, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China, State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Ins...

The ability of efficiently detecting changes in XML documents is crucial in many application contexts. If such changes are represented as XQuery Update Pending Update Lists (PULs), they can then be applied on documents using XQuery Update engines, and document management can take advantage of existing composition, inversion, reconciliation approaches developed in the update processing context. ...