sol-gel and polymeric membrane electrodes, based on thiacalix[4]arene as a neutral carrier, weresuccessfully developed for the detection of vo2+ in aqueous solutions. the sol-gel and pvcmembrane electrodes exhibited linear response with nernstian slopes of 29.3 and 28.4 mv perdecade, respectively, within the vanadyl ion concentration ranges from 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1mol dm-3 and from 1.0 × 1...

The stability and low melting point make ionic liquids favorable electrolytes to be used in a wide range of electrochemical systems. The application field includes lithium ion batteries, electric doublelayer capacitors (EDLCs), and ionic electromechanically active polymer (iEAP) actuators. The iEAP is a laminate structure that consists of electronically conductive high surface area electrodes b...

Our efforts have been focused on developing a self-contained and transportable microfabricated electrophoresis (CE) system with integrated electrochemical detection (ED). The current prototype includes all necessary electrodes “on-chip” and utilizes miniaturized CE and ED supporting electronics custom designed for this purpose. State-of-the-art design/modeling tools and novel microfabrication p...

Capacitive desalination is a promising desalination technique. A novel fl ow-through electrode architecture utilizes a newly developed porous carbon material to achieve dramatic improvements in desalination rate and salt concentration reduction. Image depicts a capacitive desalination cell with a fl ow-through architecture. Capacitive desalination (CD) is a promising desalination technique as, ...

Electroencephalography is a measure of brain activity by wave analysis; it consist number of electrodes. Finding most non-dominant electrode positions in Eye state classification is important task for classification. The proposed work is identifying which electrodes are less responsible for classification. This is a feature selection step required for optimal EEG channel selection. Feature sele...

Let M be a closed connected oriented topological 4-manifold with fundamental group π1. Let Λ be the integral group ring of π1. Suppose that f : M → P is a degree one map inducing an isomorphism on π1. We give a homological condition on the intersection forms λM and λ Λ M under which M is homotopy equivalent to a connected sum P#M ′ for some simply-connected closed (non-trivial) topological 4-ma...

We study the blowing-up of the four-dimensional Z3 orientifold of Angelantonj, Bianchi, Pradisi, Sagnotti and Stanev (ABPSS) by giving nonzero vacuum expectation values (VEV’s) to the twisted sector moduli blowing-up modes. The blowing-up procedure induces a Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) term for the “anomalous” U(1), whose magnitude depends linearly on the VEV’s of the blowing-up modes. To preserve th...

We present a fully-polynomial scheme to approximate the number of independent sets in graphs with maximum degree four. In general, for graphs with maximum degree 4, the scheme approximates a weighted sum of independent sets. The weight of each independent set is expressed in terms of a positive parameter 1 3 , where the weight of independent set S is jSj. We also prove complementary hardness of...

Histological sections of the mammalian striatum reveal a "matrix" that is histochemically distinguishable from patches, or "striosomes". The latter are cross sections of a compartment that consists primarily of tube-shaped structures radiating through the matrix. As a test of the hypothesis that the function of the striosome/patch compartment includes the mediation of behaviors related to rewar...