talon cusp is an accessory cusp similar to a projection, extending from the cingulum or cemento-enamel junction to the incisal edge. it occurs on labial or palatal surfaces of primary or permanent anterior teeth in both arches. this accessory cusp can occur as an isolated entity or in association with other dental anomalies. occurrence of a talon cusp on supernumerary teeth is rare and uncommon...

tooth fusion is a developmental anomaly characterized by the :union: between the dentin and/or enamel of at least two separately developing teeth. the fusion of posterior teeth is an uncommon occurrence. in this article, we report a rare case of unilateral fusion of a mandibular second molar with a paramolar. carious exposure mandated endodontic treatment. the unusual morphology and complex roo...

primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pnet) is usually an aggressive, rapidly progressing and metastasizing tumor. occurrence of this type of tumor in the kidney is considered as unusual and few cases have been reported so far. we present a metastatic pnet arising probably from the kidney in a 17-year-old female patient with local invasion and metastasis to the stomach. pnet should be considered as ...

bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers of men between the ages of 60 to 70 years, but its occurrence in a young pregnant female is unusual. until now less than 40 cases have been reported. herein we report our experience in the diagnosis and management of a pregnant female with urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential who has been treated with transurethral resection during preg...

granular cell tumor is a rare benign neoplasm most commonly appears in the head and neck region, especially in the tongue, cheek mucosa, and palate. occurrence in limbs is even rarer. these tumors account for approximately 0.5% of all soft tissue tumors. granular cell tumor can also affect other organs including skin, breast, and lungs. local recurrence and metastasis is potentially higher in m...

Hydatid disease is a cyclo­zoonotic parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is usually found in liver and lungs but no organ of body is immune. Location at unusual sites in the body can have atypical presentations and can pose a diagnostic challenge. A high index of suspicion, radiological investigations as well as histopathological examination is necessary in establ...

Ocular involvement of systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. This report describes the unusual occurrence of a biopsy confirmed low grade lymphoma recurring in the conjunctiva, three years after initial diagnosis of systemic disease. The tumour was surgically resected and the patient remains disease free four years later. After the diagnosis of lymphoma, long term follow up is advised as recu...

Quality assurance (QA) programs in dental schools have a component of their program devoted to treatment outcomes. To this end, our institution has implemented TOUCH (Treatment Outcomes Unacceptable for Clinical Health) seminars and Unusual Occurrence Reports (UORs). The seminars allow a faculty member to present a case to faculty and students with feedback from the audience on how the case was...

Apocrine hidrocystoma is a benign cystic tumour. The head and neck region is the site of predilection; occurrence in the scalp is extremely rare. We report a rare case of giant apocrine hidrocystoma with an unusual presentation as scalp haematoma.