Considering that unconventional writing is an important and necessary part of the acquisition Brazilian Portuguese (BP) orthographic system, we seek: (1) to describe distribution a type error present in this acquisition, transpositions, is, displacements graphemes from their conventional position syllable other positions word; (2) observe what extent aspects such as its (simple or complex) stru...

BINDING PROTEIN (BiP) is a major chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and this study shows that BiP binds to the C-terminal tail of the stress sensor/transducer bZIP28, a membrane-associated transcription factor, retaining it in the ER under unstressed conditions. In response to ER stress, BiP dissociates from bZIP28, allowing it to be mobilized from the ER to the Golgi where it i...

Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese have difficulty producing native-like English stress contrasts. Acoustically, English lexical stress is multidimensional, involving manipulation of fundamental frequency (F0), duration, intensity and vowel quality. Errors in any or all of these correlates could interfere with perception of the stress contrast, but it is unknown which correlates are most probl...

Amharic is the official language of Ethiopia. In this paper, we present our study on Amharic stress. Stress (Gemination of consonants) in Amharic language is very important for proper pronunciation of words. It is also one of the most distinctive characteristics of the rhythm of the speech. We discuss a method employed for generating stressed syllables from unstressed syllables, and its applica...

Studies on fast speech have shown that word-level timing of fast speech differs from that of normal rate speech in that unstressed syllables are shortened more than stressed syllables as speech rate increases. An earlier experiment showed that the intelligibility of time-compressed speech could not be improved by making its temporal organisation closer to natural fast speech. To test the hypoth...

In Thai language, stress is an important prosodic feature that not only affects naturalness but also has a crucial role in meaning of phrase-level utterance. It is seen that a speech synthesis model that is trained with lack of stress and phrase-level information causes incorrect tones and ambiguity in meaning of synthetic speech. Our previous work has shown that manually annotated stress infor...

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the saliency effect for word beginnings reported in children with dyslexia (Marshall & Van der Lely, 2009) can be found also in typically developing children. Thirty-four typically developing Italian children aged 8-10 years completed two specifically designed tasks: a production task and a perception task. Both tasks used nonwords contain...

The objectives of this study were to determine if psychosocial stress impairs dilation through endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)-mediated mechanisms and if this effect is long lasting. Monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet for 36 mo while in one of three experimental conditions: (a) stable social groups ("unstressed," n = 6); (b) unstable social groups for the first half of the experime...

It is an interesting and noticeable fact that in the early stages of language production, children omit certain elements from their speech. Upon closer inspection, it becomes clear that children regularly omit certain function morphemes, as opposed to content words. Function morphemes (including determiners, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, and inflection morphemes) form a natural class from both a p...