Hence, there is a need for the ventilator, in general, to provide for both spontaneous and mandatory breaths on an intermittent basis. This was the motivation for inventing IMV in the first place, as Kacmarek and Branson mentioned in their paper.1 How does recognition of only type 1 IMV (as in the article by Kacmarek and Branson1) impair our understanding of modes? There are only 3 basic goals ...

We examined the time course of O3-induced changes in breathing pattern in 97 healthy human subjects (70 men and 27 women). One- to five-minute averages of breathing frequency (f(B)) and minute ventilation (Ve) were used to generate plots of cumulative breaths and cumulative exposure volume vs. time and cumulative exposure volume vs. cumulative breaths. Analysis revealed a three-phase response; ...