a bstract background: non‑medical utilization of pre‑implantation genetic diagnosis (pgd), like sex selection, is increasing, therefore it is necessary to follow‑up the health and outcome of fertilization and newborn’s birth followed pgd. the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of fertilization after sex selection by pgd and the relation between the age of parents and the outcome of f...

introduction: from maturity to menopause, women are worried about pregnancy. abstinence from sex or use of pregnancy prevention methods are choices for them. as abstinence is impossible, the only remaining choice is use of pregnancy prevention methods. effective control of pregnancy is really essential for the health of mother and infant and also control of unplanned increase in population. reg...

The liver plays pivotal roles in immunologic responses, and correct hepatic adaptations maternal immunology are required during pregnancy. In this review, we focus on anatomical immunological pregnancy, including our recent reports area. Moreover, summarize pregnancy-associated diseases, hyperemesis gravidarum; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; preeclampsia, specifically hemolysis, elevate...

background: despite expanded coverage of family planning in iran, unwanted pregnancy is a common problem. the aim of this study was to explore women’s experiences of unwanted pregnancy in shahroud public health centers. methods: purposive sampling was conducted by means of focus group discussions (fgds) and in-depth interviews and by a semi-constructed questionnaire in this qualitative research...

objective: various practical methods have been used for pregnancy diagnosis in sheep. methods of pregnancy diagnosis depending on visualization of the conceptus or determination of its secretory products in the maternal blood or in the milk are the most accurate and specific methods for pregnancy. in 1980, b-mode ultrasonography was introduced in the veterinary field and used for pregnancy diag...

background: ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of the non-tubal ectopic pregnancy. it ends with rupture before the end of the first trimester. one of the important risk factors for ovarian pregnancy is in the use of intra uterine devices (iud). case:  we report here one such uncommon case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy. our patient is a 30 years old multiparous woman with two previous cesarean sect...

tranexamic acid is generally used in the treatment of disorders that predispose one to bleeding. it is a synthetic lysine analog that has strong antifibrinolytic activity. plasminogen binds to fibrin to form plasmin, which in turn degrades fibrin into fibrin degradation products. tranexamic acid blocks the lysine binding site on plasminogen and prevents interaction with fibrin. tranexamic acid ...

background: a qualitative study was carried out on 200 pregnant women attending obstetric offices and imam ali women's clinic in zahedan, iran during january 2010 to august 2011. twenty-nine focus group discussions (fgds) with 5-8 participants in each group were formed. the study included women in the third trimester of pregnancy with the intention or decision to undergo elective cesarean secti...

human leukocyte antigen-g which is an immune tolerance effecter molecule has an important role in the maintenance of fetus during pregnancy. abortion is one of the complications of pregnancy period.  in this research, we have studied levels of hla-g 5, hla-g7 isoforms in the abortion-threatened pregnant women in comparison with controls. in a case-control study, 101 abortion-threatened women an...