Articular cartilage was predicted to be one of the first tissues to successfully be regenerated, but this proved incorrect. In contrast, bone (but also vasculature and cardiac tissues) has seen numerous successful reparative approaches, despite consisting of multiple cell and tissue types and, thus, possessing more complex design requirements. Here, we use bone-regeneration successes to highlig...

The occurrence of Down's syndrome in both dizygotic twins appears to be very rare. A case of twins of unlike sex is reported, in which chromosomal analysis showed trisomy 21 in both of them, while the parental karyotypes were normal. This is the third reported case of such a constellation, and the second one in which infant and parental chromosomal analysis was done.

Let k be an integer with id="M2"> 4 ≤ 6 and id="M3"> η any real number. Suppose that id="M4"> λ 1 , 2 … 5 are nonzero numbers, not all of them have the same sign, id="M5"> / is irrational. It p...

This paper presents a novel population-based meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the game of tug of war. Utilizing a sport metaphor the algorithm, denoted as Tug of War Optimization (TWO), considers each candidate solution as a team participating in a series of rope pulling competitions.  The  teams  exert  pulling  forces  on  each  other...