A unital C∗–algebra A is said to have the (APD)–property if every nonzero element in A has the approximate polar decomposition. Let J be a closed ideal of A. Suppose that J̃ and A/J have (APD). In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition that makes A have (APD). Furthermore, we show that if RR(J ) = 0 and tsr(A/J ) = 1 or A/J is a simple purely infinite C∗–algebra, then A has (APD).

Abstract. In this paper, we define the notion of C*-affine maps in the unital *-rings and we investigate the C*-extreme points of the graph and epigraph of such maps. We show that for a C*-convex map f on a unital *-ring R satisfying the positive square root axiom with an additional condition, the graph of f is a C*-face of the epigraph of f. Moreover, we prove som...

In this note all rings are commutat ive rings with identity and all modules are unital. Let R be a commutat ive ring with identity. An R-module M is called a mult ipl icat ion module provided for each submodule N of M there exists an ideal I of R such that N = I M. Various propert ies of mult ipl icat ion modules are considered. If there is a common theme it is that the methods used generalise ...

locally extended affine lie algebras were introduced by morita and yoshii in [j. algebra 301(1) (2006), 59-81] as a natural generalization of extended affine lie algebras. after that, various generalizations of these lie algebras have been investigated by others. it is known that a locally extended affine lie algebra can be recovered from its centerless core, i.e., the ideal generated by weight...

With every σ-ideal I on a Polish space we associate the σ-ideal generated by closed sets in I. We study the forcing notions of Borel sets modulo the respective σ-ideals and find connections between their forcing properties. To this end, we associate to a σ-ideal on a Polish space an ideal on a countable set and show how forcing properties of the forcing depend on combinatorial properties of the...

Fuzzy ideal set and fuzzy local function of fuzzy ideals with fuzzy topologies were introduced and studied by D. Sarker [10]. The purpose of this paper deals with new sort of fuzzy ideal and fuzzy local function namely fuzzy ideal and r-fuzzy open local function. Many of its characterizations, properties and connections between it and other corresponding fuzzy notions are studied. Also, we intr...

The main result of this paper is a version of the Atiyah-Singer index theorem for Dirac-type operators on (noncompact) complete Riemannian manifolds. The statement of the theorem involves a novel "cohomology" theory for such manifolds. This theory, called exotic cohomology, depends on the structure at infinity of a space; more precisely, it depends on the way that large bounded sets fit togethe...