Resource productivity and evidence of economic decoupling were investigated on the basis of the time series in 1996-2011 of material flow analysis for Sweden, Stockholm, and Gothenburg. In the three cases, absolute reductions in CO2 emissions by about 20% were observed, energy consumption per capita decreased, while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita grew. The energy consumption of the res...

Given a vast empirical evidence that cash is widely used in the underground economy, inter-governmental bodies like FATF recommend policy measures aimed at limitation of cash and at combat of money laundering. We show that there is no simple monotone relationship between policy and the size of underground economy, so that the policy has at best a limited scope.

"What do we know about the size of the underground economy in Italy beyond the "common wisdom"? Some empirically tested propositions." 1.Introduction. Section I. 2. The country as a whole. 2. 1. The monetary Tanzi method applied to Italy. 2.1.1. Results .2.2 The size of the underground economy according to two other methods: 2.2.1 the statistics of the labour market; 2.2.2 the magnitude of tax ...

Aim/purpose – The underground economy is a major challenge across the world affect- ing both developed and developing economies. South Africa no exception to this phenomenon has lost billions of rands due economy. aim study estimate size in Africa. Design/methodology/approach used quarterly time series data from 2000 2020 employed Currency Demand Approach (CDA) for modeling under- ground Findin...

We employ the UTIP data set on the evolution of earnings inequality in manufacturing in the global economy to illuminate two questions. First, do regional patterns of similarity in the movement of large macroeconomic aggregates, such as real GDP, imply underlying similarities of industrial structure, so that knowledge of one national economy in a GDP cluster can reasonably be assumed to convey ...

Abstract Transport is one of the most important economic sectors in world. It a fundamental and element country’s GDP. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) considered indicators performance country. GDP can be compiled for both country region. Changes technology structure production system an area are central issues long-term growth according to increase gross value added In this paper, authors focus o...

the frequent occurrence of currency crises in recent years brought the early warning literature back in the researchers spotlight. in recent years, concept of an early warning system (ews) developed that should be able to identify various costly events, such as currency crises, early enough for policy makers to reduce the costs. this study attempted by using iran's economy quarterly data d...