In this article, the method of hard rock mining by undercutting or back incision using asymmetrical disk tools as an alternative to milling with use cutting was described. The results modelling penetration a single asymmetric tool edge into artificial and natural sample were presented compared empirical laboratory tests. effect stand tests for samples mounted on rotating plate presented. carrie...

Submarine melt can account for substantial mass loss at tidewater glacier termini. However, the processes controlling submarine melt are poorly understood due to limited observations of submarine termini. Here at a tidewater glacier in central West Greenland, we identify subglacial discharge outlets and infer submarine melt across the terminus using direct observations of the submarine terminus...

Rates of ice mass loss at the calving margins of tidewater glaciers (frontal ablation rates) are a key uncertainty in sea level rise projections. Measurements are difficult because mass lost is replaced by ice flow at variable rates, and frontal ablation incorporates sub-aerial calving, and submarine melt and calving. Here we derive frontal ablation rates for three dynamically contrasting glaci...

Since 2004, 25 states have passed Commonsense Consumption Acts (CCAs) to shield the food industry from civil liability for claims arising from obesity-related health harms. These laws continue to be introduced. CCAs have generally been discussed in terms of "tort reform." For this article, we conducted a systematic analysis of the content of all 25 state laws and found that the potential impact...

We studied the relationship between the subperiosteal bone collar and forty metaphyseal lesions in specimens obtained at autopsy from ten infants who died with evidence of abuse. The fracture specimens were studied with high-detail radiography and light microscopy. The typical morphological pattern was a fracture extending through the primary spongiosa adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction. ...

We propose a procedure for dividing indivisible items between two players in which each player ranks the items from best to worst. It ensures that each player receives a subset of items that it values more than the other player’s complementary subset, given that such an envy-free division is possible. We show that the possibility of one player’s undercutting the other’s proposal, and implementi...

Presently, wrapping of the welds at the ends of stiffeners is not done to avoid the undercutting of the stiffener corners and the attendant weld repair. The fatigue performance of stiffeners with undercuts was evaluated in a factorial design fatigue experiment. Undercuts at the flange edge and filling of the stiffener cope with the fillet weld were also evaluated. The undercuts did not influenc...

An experiment is designed to test the implications of the equilibria typically studied in the repeated game literature (i.e. those based on Nash reversion and optimal symmetric two-phase punishment strategies). One hundred pairs of subjects repeatedly set prices in a differentiated demand duopoly setting. Unlike existing experiments there was no fixed end date or time constraint (some pairs pla...