Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant symbionts that promote growth and provide important ecosystem functions. These abilities have great economical potential which has resulted in an increasing number of commercially available AMF inoculants. Here, we present the results a global study evaluate effectiveness 28 commercial inoculants to colonize host plants under greenhouse field conditi...

Spontaneous deleterious mutation has been measured in a handful of organisms, always under laboratory conditions and usually employing inbred species or genotypes. We report the results of a mutation accumulation experiment with an outbred annual plant, Raphanus raphanistrum, with lifetime fitness measured in both the field and the greenhouse. This is the first study to report the effects of sp...