The purpose of this thesis is to build a fast and accurate technique for computing option prices under stochastic volatility assumption. Currently, the methodology based on the fast Fourier transform is widely used to deal with that issue. Here we derive and suggest a second order approximation, which offers faster, transparent and deeper interpretations in comparison with existing the ones. Th...

From 1965 to 1990, spending on medical care rose from 5.9 to 12.2 percent of gross national product. This rise was the consequence of greatly expanded government and government subsidized private insurance coverage operating in an environment where payments for insured care by and large covered whatever costs were incurred. As a result, the personal consumption of medical care experienced both ...

The existing disappointment with the performance of transition economies is unjustified as far as the contraction of their industries, real wages and capital formation in the 1990s is concerned. The initial under-performance of transition economies that had inherited more severe shortages, as in former Soviet Republics, is to be expected also. We establish these results by estimating what align...

In wealthy economies, the pharmaceutical IP system works tolerably well, especially when supported by generous government grants (such as the US National Institutes of Health) and tax subsidies (such as R&D tax credits and the Orphan Drug tax credit). In wealthy countries, access issues from IP-induced higher prices are ameliorated by government-subsidized insurance and other social mechanisms....

This paper explains how grants of monopolistic privileges to capitalists can lower labor and land factors’ prices compared to what would prevail in a free market environment. Monopoly gains of privileged business owners are not only “extracted” from their clients but also from factor owners. We revisit Rothbardian monopoly price theory and extend it to the realm of factor pricing. Monopolistic ...

The increase in fertilizer prices impacts production costs since contribution of to the total cost is very significant (10-30%). Some factors influencing price hike include higher raw materials for fertilizer, Russia’s invasion Ukraine, covid-19 pandemic, climate change, natural disasters, and export restrictions by producers. This paper examines word crisis concerning phenomena imposed prices,...

This paper studies seven rebate programs aiming at accelerating the replacement of energy-intensive household appliances. Based on a large product-level data set for several European countries, we study effects unit sales and prices both subsidized non-subsidized products. The empirical identification strategy exploits temporary implementation rebates in regional segments Common Market. results...

High-risk pools are State programs that were recently brought under Federal review by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). For a subsidized, yet above-standard premium, they provide coverage to individuals lacking access to private health insurance, typically due to pre-existing conditions. Reducing high-risk pool premiums in all States to the level prevailin...

The National Agricultural Input Voucher Scheme (NAIVS) was an agricultural input subsidy in the Republic of Tanzania that was first fully implemented in the 2008/09 planting season. Through NAIVS, certain households were given the opportunity to purchase a voucher that gave 50% subsidy on a bundle of improved seeds and inorganic fertilizer. These household were selected due in part to their lim...

estimation of optimum fertilizer rates is needed because of growing economic and environmental concerns. optimum fertilizer rates can be determined by fitting statistical models to yield data collected from n fertilizer experiments. the main goal of this research was to compare and evaluate quadratic, square root, mitscherlich, rectangular hyperbola, linear plus plateau and quadratic plus plate...