background: heroin as opium is being used in two pure and impure forms with known disastrous effects on different body organs including genital system. the aim of this study was to determine the changes in testosterone secretion, the percentage of fertility, changes of the body and testis weight, and gonado somatic index in mice (ballb/c). materials and methods: a total of 90 adult male and fem...

materials and methods a total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (ross 308) divided into three equal groups (1 to 3) .the chicks in group 1 were immunized with killed aiv h9n2. the chicks in group 2 were infected with ai virus subtype h9n2. the chicks in group 3 were kept as controls and did not receive any vaccined or lived virus. chicks sera were collected at day 42 usingrns1-elisa and commercial ...

Newcastle Disease (ND) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease in poultry. Despite the intensive vaccination programs to control Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), the recent infection of NDV in Iran has led to severe morbidity and mortality in Chukar Partridges. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Inactivated Oil Adjuvant Vaccine (IOAV) following use of live vaccine to hav...

The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the bir...

background: the control of coccidiosis in poultry industryis dominated by prophylactic chemotherapy; however,drug resistance is a serious problem. alternative control methodssuch as vaccination have been accepted as a practical method forcontrolling coccidiosis in chickens. considering the immunologicalvariation of eimeria strains, the efficacy of live coccidiosisvaccines may be compromised. ob...

Assessing the ability of current equine influenza vaccines to provide cross-protection against emerging strains is important. Horses not vaccinated previously and seronegative for equine influenza based on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay were assigned at random to vaccinated (n=7) or non-vaccinated (control, n=5) groups. Vaccination was performed twice four weeks apart with a 1 ml influ...

Tuberculosis continues to be a worldwide problem for both humans and animals. The development of tests to differentiate between infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis and vaccination with M. bovis BCG could greatly assist in the diagnosis of early infection as well as enhance the use of tuberculosis vaccines on a wider scale. Recombinant forms of four major secreted pr...