The correct pronunciation of unknown or novel words is one of the biggest challenges for text-to-speech systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of unknown word analysis as a central component of the text analysis module in the Bell Labs German text-to-speech system. The implementation is based on a model of the morphological structure of words and on the study of the productivity ...

Swedish wheeled mobile robots have remarkable mobility properties allowing them to rotate and translate at the same time. Being holonomic systems, their kinematics model results in the possibility of designing separate and independent position and heading trajectory tracking control laws. Nevertheless, if these control laws should be implemented in the presence of unaccounted actuator saturatio...

ECEN’FLY there has been considerable interest in and investigations of whether the covered interest parity (CIP) holds. At the inicroeconomic level, CIP is important because is it a direct consequence of covered interest arbitrage. Its failure to hold would suggest 1) that markets are inefficient in the sense that traders do not take advantage of known profit opportunities, 2) that legal restri...

A most basic and puzzling enigma in surface science is the description of the dissociative adsorption of O(2) at the (111) surface of Al. Already for the sticking curve alone, the disagreement between experiment and results of state-of-the-art first-principles calculations can hardly be more dramatic. In this Letter we show that this is caused by hitherto unaccounted spin selection rules, which...

Over the last decade, we have witnessed payment innovations that fundamentally have changed the ways we pay. Payment innovations, such as mobile payments and on-line banking, include characteristics or features that are essential to understand if we want to know how and why payers choose among payment innovations. Using the Repertory Grid technique to explore 15 payers’ perception of six paymen...

We present a type system for the analysis of progress in session-based communication centred systems. Our development is carried out in a minimal setting considering classic (binary) sessions, but building on and generalising previous work on progress analysis in the context of conversation types. Our contributions aim at underpinning forthcoming works on progress for session-typed systems, so ...

Using an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, including both electron–electron and electron–phonon scattering as well as electron-impurity scattering, the current density, population inversion, electron temperature, and gain in two THz quantum-cascade structures are investigated and compared to measurements. We find that the inclusion of electron-impurity scattering in the calculations is crucial w...

A most basic and puzzling enigma in surface science is the description of the dissociative adsorption of O2 at the (111) surface of Al. Already for the sticking curve alone, the disagreement between experiment and results of state-of-the-art first-principles calculations can hardly be more dramatic. In this paper we show that this is caused by hitherto unaccounted spin selection rules, which gi...

We present a self-consistent modeling of a 3.4-THz intersubband laser device. An ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, including both carrier–carrier and carrier-phonon scattering, is used to predict current density, population inversion, gain, and electron temperature. However, these two scattering mechanisms alone appear to be insufficient to explain the observed current density. In addition, the ...