Targeted gene knockout mouse models have helped to identify roles of autophagy in many tissues. Here, we investigated the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of Atg7f/f Tyr-Cre mice (on a C57BL/6 background), in which Cre recombinase is expressed under the control of the tyrosinase promoter to delete the autophagy gene Atg7. In line with pigment cell-directed blockade of autophagy, the RPE and the...

Bu çalışmada HT-29, Hela ve MCF-7 hücre hatlarına karşı antikanser etki gösteren Cyclo(Tyr-Tyr) dipeptidinin olası en kararlı yedi konformasyonu tirozin aminoasilerinin χ yan zincir dihedral açılarına bağlı olarak konformasyon analizi yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Konformasyon sonrasında belirlenen konformasyonlara ait geometrik yapılar, zincire açıdaki değişimler konformerlerin toplam bağıl enerji...

It has been reported that the hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome is caused by mutations in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) gene that affects enzyme sensitivity to GTP-induced inhibition. To identify the GTP binding site(s) within human GDH, mutant GDHs at Tyr-266 or Lys-450 position were constructed by cassette mutagenesis. More than 90% of the initial activities were remained at the concent...

The Syk protein-tyrosine kinase can have multiple effects on cancer cells, acting in some as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting motility and in others as a tumor promoter by enhancing survival. Phosphoproteomic analyses identified PKA as a Syk-specific substrate. Syk catalyzes the phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of PKA (PKAc) both in vitro and in cells on Tyr-330. Tyr-330 lies within the...

The post-transcriptional processing of tRNAs decorates them with a number of modified bases important for their biological functions. Queuosine, found in the tRNAs with GUN anticodons (Asp, Asn, His, Tyr), is an extensively modified base whose biosynthetic pathway is still unclear. In this study, it was observed that the tRNA(Tyr) from Escherichia coli B105 (a B strain) migrated faster than tha...

Human tyrosinase (TYR) is a glycoprotein that initiates the first two reactions in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in its encoding gene cause Oculocutaneous Albinism type I (OCA1), the most severe form of albinism, which is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by reduced or absent production of melanin in skin, hair and eyes. Despite extensive structural and charac...

Catecholamine synthesis and transmission in the brain are influenced by the availability of Tyr in the body. In this study, we compared the effects of oral administration of Tyr-containing dipeptides Ile-Tyr, Ser-Tyr, and Tyr-Pro with Tyr alone on catecholamine metabolism in the mouse brainstem. Among these dipeptides, Ile-Tyr administration led to increases in dopamine, the dopamine metabolite...

The aromatic (C−H) sulfenylation reaction with S-acetamidomethyl cysteine sulfoxide (Cys(Acm)(O)) can be Trp- or Tyr-selective under acidic conditions. red chloride anion team kicks the Cys(Acm)(O) ball into Trp goal, whereas blue trimethylsilyl Tyr goal. proton scoreline in stands supports both teams. More information found Research Article by A. Otaka and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.2023007...