Abstract There is currently no way to model the high-level structural design of a functional system. Given strong links between programming and mathematics, it hypothesised that language mathematics can provide insight into how system might be modelled. The approach successful both philosophy are used identify necessary modelling concepts briefly outline some notation alongside small case study.

We present an expressive information-flow control type system with recursive types, existential label polymorphism, and impredicative polymorphism for a higher-order programming language state. give novel semantic model of this show that well-typed programs satisfy termination-insensitive noninterference. Our approach supports compositional integration syntactically ill-typed---but semantically...

Nominal memoization combines memoized functional programming with a controlled form of imperative cache effects. By leveraging these imperative effects, nominal memoization can dramatically outperform traditional (“structural”) memoization. However, the nominal memoization programming model is error-prone: when the programmer unintentionally misuses names, their incremental program ceases to co...

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Objectives: The aim of this report was to investigate the genotypes of HCV in patients on regular hemodialysis in Iraq Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the genotypes of HCV in patients on regular hemodialysis in 7 centers across Iraq. 255 subjects with positive anti-HCV antibodies were recruited in this study. Results: To confirm the positivity, RTPCR was performe...

Background and Aims: Clostridium difficile is an identified cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, antibiotic-associated colitis, pseudomembranous colitis and nosocomial diarrhea. The objective of this survey was to determine molecular analysis of toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates from hospital environment in Tehran tertiary medical centers. Materials and Methods: In this descriptiv...

Standard type systems are not sufficiently expressive when applied to low-level memory-management code. Such code often requires some form of strong update (i.e. assignments that change the type of the affected location) and needs to reason about the relative position of objects in memory. We present a novel type system which, like alias types, provides a form of strong update, but with the adv...