Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA packaging is initiated in a polar fashion from the left end of the genome. The packaging process is dependent on the cis-acting packaging domain located between nucleotides 230 and 380. Seven AT-rich repeats that direct packaging have been identified within this domain. A1, A2, A5, and A6 are the most important repeats functionally and share a bipartite sequence moti...

BACKGROUND This study mapped regions of genomic RNA (gRNA) important for packaging and propagation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). MMTV is a type B betaretrovirus which preassembles intracellularly, a phenomenon distinct from retroviruses that assemble the progeny virion at cell surface just before budding such as the type C human and feline immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and FIV). Studies ...

the packaging industry by promoting the production capability has an important role in the development of different economic sectors. empowerment of packaging industry increases the competitiveness of other economic sectors. on the other hand, packaging industry has an important role in increasing the national income and employment. these factors cause the governments to pay special attention t...

Product packaging is one of the key industrial sectors where automation is of paramount interest. Any product going out to the consumer requires some form of packaging, be it food products, gift packaging or the medical supplies. Hence there is continuous demand of high-speed product packaging. This requirement is dramatically increased with seasonal consumer products and fancy gifts, which inv...

Introduction The primary packaging market for parenteral formulations is dominated by a few established and well-characterised containers. Each container type has a number of benefits and drawbacks, as further outlined in the following sections of this article. When overlaying these pros and cons, a clear gap in parenteral packaging options becomes obvious. Fleximed® is a new parenteral packagi...

Three-dimensional (3D) packaging with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) is an emerging technology featuring smaller package size, higher interconnection density, and better performance; 2.5D packaging using silicon interposers with TSVs is an incremental step toward 3D packaging. Formation of TSVs and interconnection between chips and/or wafers are two key enabling technologies for 3D and 2.5D packag...

BACKGROUND The safe use of recycled paper and cardboard material for food packaging applications is     an important area of investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine which hazardous chemi- cal pollutants were found in paper and cardboard samples used for pastry packaging, and to measure the migration of pollutants over time into the pastries. METHODS In this study, the...

Research and development of packaging materials and packaging technology have shown a clear and irreversible trend toward “green” and active packaging. Recent studies on packaging materials have emphasized the use of biobased materials in conjunction with nanotechnology. Hence, in present study we explored a concept of using bionanohybrids and their composites with biobased polymer for active p...