Institutional analysis that aims to contribute to the reduction of rural poverty needs to focus first of all on the ways in which institutions influence poverty and the livelihoods of the poor. Therefore the starting point has to be poor people themselves. This means understanding their diversity and the different characteristics of people who are affected by poverty and experience it in differ...

Women con tinue to rep re sent a grow ing per cent age of cor rec tional popu la tions na tion wide. The vast ma jor ity of these women are un der com mu nity su per vi sion (pro ba tion or pa role). In 1998, nearly 1 mil lion women were un der cor rec tional su per vi sion in the United States. Of those, 85 per cent, or over 800,000 women, were on pro ba tion or pa role (Bu reau of Jus tice St...

based on serological,toxoplasmosis infection is a widespread disease.with regard to this fact and because of the occurence of congenital toxoplasmosis infections due to asymptomatic infections in pregnant women,determination of the rate of toxoplasma antibodise(IgG,IgM) before pregnancy and finding the involved factors in increasing toxoplasmosis prevalence seems to be necessary.in this cross s...

Postpartum thyroiditis is one of the autoimmune thyroid dysfunctions which occurs during 12 months after delivery. Transient episodes of hypo­and hyperthyroidism in this disorder leads to maternal psychological and physical problems. Irreversible hypothyroidism occurs in a number of mothers. The prevalence and clinical course of the disease haven't been evaluated before, so this study was condu...

Two infants with congenital rubella defects (congenital rubella syndrome) have been reported from Queensland in 2003, after an increase in rubella in that State in 2001-2002. The national Measles Control Campaign in 1998 aimed to give measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to all unvaccinated preschoolers and a second dose to primary schoolchildren. Following the Campaign no children with congenit...

Over the last 15 years, the number of incarcerated women in the United States has increased dramatically. While the number of men in State and federal prisons has grown 67% since 1990, the number of incarcerated women has increased by 92% (Beck and Mumola, 1998). Offenses related to illegal drugs account for nearly 40% of this increase. Historically, offenses such as larceny, forgery, embezzlem...

We examined trends in obesity among Korean adults, using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) as reported in national surveys. Data (10,043 men and 12,758 non-pregnant women) were derived from four waves of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1998, 2001, 2005, and 2007. Between 1998 and 2007, the distribution of BMI and WC showed shifts toward t...

Offers a look on how Australian humor describes the status of women in several literary works. Women writers' treatment of their marginalization in society; Creation of a world where gender power relations are reversed; Description of male myths of nationhood; Satirical presentation of gender bias..

BACKGROUND Cantabria (Spain) has one of the highest prevalence of smoking among women of the European Union. The objectives are to assess the trend of smoking during pregnancy in a five-year period and the determinants of smoking cessation during pregnancy in Cantabria. METHODS A 1/6 random sample of all women delivering at the reference hospital of the region for the period 1998-2002 was dra...

In this paper we discuss our experience with the design of a system for supporting learning about other cultures in children attending kindergartens. In the paper we report the motivations behind our work, the requirements that we have identified, and briefly sketch the demonstrators that we have developed.