culture is an extremely complex concept. translating cultural elements is a demanding task due to the fact that these elements comprise specific meanings and implications belonging exclusively to the lan-guage and culture from which they have emerged. regarding this point, the present article investigated the strategies employed for translating culture-specific items (csis) in an english novel,...

In order to investigate the relationship between culture and “democracy”, it will first be necessary to take a look at what could be understood by the word « culture ». Here it is assumed that culture, or such a related thing as society, is some sort of socio-anthropological object that is susceptible to scientific research. A philosophical approach that is suitable to deal with anthropological...

the central issue in strategy formulation and implementation process, or strategy-making, is the identification of environmental forces and the preparation of a plan of action to deal with them. this necessitates scanning the environment for gathering information. environmental scanning should enable the firm to identify these forces. doing this not only calls for information gathering, but als...

l'objectif de ce travail consiste à étudier le caractère pluriel de l’interprétation du texte littéraire.  ce caractère pluriel se manifeste aussi dans le travail de traduction littéraire qui est elle-même une interprétation. la preuve est la manifestation ou la publication de plusieurs traductions d'un texte littéraire donné dans une culture donnée. ce phénomène n'est pas spécif...

background and objectives: importance of development of novel probiotic fermented milk and challenge made for its acceptability is well known. in this research, the impact of different inoculation sizes of yogurt and dl-type starter culture (mesophilic and thermophilic lab) on titratable acidity, viscosity, sensorial and microbial properties of fermented milk was investigated; and finally, prob...

this study was conducted to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency and substrates on some parameters of greenhouse tomato (cv. hamra) during 1381-1382 at research greenhouse of agriculture college, in ferdowsi university of mashhad. the experiment was based on split plots in the form of completely randomized design and in four replications. irrigation frequency in three levels of 12, 8...

This paper discusses the integration of cultural and natural heritage aspects of landscapes. It presents arguments for the further integration of interests but also points to the potential for conflicts between cultural and natural heritage interests. These are predominantly at the site-management level. The important role of the historical layer is stressed as an integral part of the environme...

While both cultural and legal norms (institutions) help foster cooperation, culture is the more primitive of the two and itself sustains formal institutions. Cultural changes are rarer and slower than changes in legal institutions, which makes it difficult to identify the role played by culture. Cultural changes and their effects are easier to identify in simpler, more controlled, environments,...