Targeted inactivation of p27 was sufficient for intestinal tumor formation in mice, but this was strictly a function of diet: tumors formed in p27 or p27 / mice fed control AIN76A diet and were increased by a western-style diet but did not develop in mice fed standard chow diet. When crossed with the Apc1638N mouse, Apc ,p27 or Apc ,p27 / mice not only formed twice as many tumors than the sum o...

TCL/RhoJ is a Cdc42-related Rho GTPase with reported activities in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis, metastatic melanoma, and corneal epithelial cells; however, less is known about how it is inherently regulated in comparison to its closest homologues TC10 and Cdc42. TCL has an N-terminal extension of 18 amino acids in comparison to Cdc42, but the function of this amino acid sequence h...

Colorectal cancer poses a major clinical challenge in the developed world where this disease is common. Recent findings suggest that the prostaglandin E2, the proinflammatory product of elevated cyclooxygenase-2 activity in colon cancer, stimulates cancer cell growth through a G protein– dependent signaling pathway coupling the prostaglandin EP2 receptor to B-catenin control. These findings pro...

Background: F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET) is widely used in diagnostic cancer imaging. However, the use of F-FDG in PET-based imaging is limited by its specificity and sensitivity. In contrast, anti-TAG (tumor associated glycoprotein)-72 monoclonal antibodies are highly specific for binding to a variety of adenocarcinomas, including colorectal cancer. The aim of ...

Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin remain among the most effective agents for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. To overcome dose-limiting side effects like cardiotoxicity, an intensive effort has been undertaken to develop promising doxorubicin prodrugs that are specifically activated at the tumor site. One approach is the application of peptide prodrugs of doxorubic...

The November 2000 NIH report of the Brain Tumor Progress Review Group identified delivering and targeting therapeutic agents as a priority in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. For this reason, the seventh annual Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Consortium meeting, partially funded by an NIH R13 Grant, focused on recent advances in targeted delivery to the central nervous system, clinical t...

trans-3,4,5 -Trihydroxystibene (resveratrol) is a natural product commonly found in the human diet and has been shown recently to have anticancer effects on various human cancer cells. However, the molecular basis for its anticancer action remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1 ) and vascular endothelial growth fac...

The immunogenicity of individual diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced forestomach carcinomas in female BALB/c mice was investigated following in vitro and in vivo cultivation. Of the five transplantable tumor lines studied, (DEN1? DEN3, DEN6, DEN8, and DEN^ only two (DEN6 and DEN8) showed some degree of immunogenicity. DENX, E»EN3, and DEN9 were highly tumorigenic with very little immunogenic poten...

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a potent tumorigenic factor. Its A subunit (HIF-1A), which is tightly regulated in normal tissues, is elevated in tumors due to hypoxia and overactive growth signaling pathways. Although much is known about HIF-1A regulation in cancer cells, crucial molecular targets that affect HIF-1A levels modulated by both hypoxia and oncogenic signaling pathways remain...

Background: Bone metastasis is common in different cancers, and increases morbidity and mortality. The goals of this study were to develop nanoparticles (NPs) to treat bone metastasis, and advance mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based repair of lost bone by enhancing osteogenesis and enabling image guided cell implantation and longitudinal monitoring. Methods: Nanoparticles were formulated from pol...