The complex between the tumor suppressor p53 and its down-regulator Mdm2 has been studied by dynamic force spectroscopy and the unbinding data have been analyzed in the framework of the Jarzynski theoretical approach. Accordingly, the unbinding equilibrium free energy has been determined from the work done along several non-equilibrium paths from the bound to the unbound state in the single mol...

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) proved to be a powerful tool elucidate the underlying pathophysiological complexity that is intensified by biological variability and overlapped level of sophistication drug dosing regimens. Therapies combining immunotherapy with more traditional therapeutic approaches, including chemotherapy radiation, are increasingly being used. These combinations purp...

We study an SV IR model of disease transmission with immigration into all four classes. Vaccinated individuals may only receive partial immunity to the disease, giving a leaky vaccine. The incidence function permits a nonlinear response to the number of infectives, so that mass action and saturating incidence are included as special cases. Because of the immigration of infected individuals, the...

in the present paper, we introduce and study a fuzzy vector equilibrium problem and prove some existence results with and without convexity assumptions by using some particular forms of results of textit{kim} and textit{lee} [w.k. kim and k.h. lee, generalized fuzzy games and fuzzy equilibria, fuzzy sets and systems, 122 (2001), 293-301] and textit{tarafdar} [e. tarafdar, fixed point theorems i...

We present an equilibrium model of methane venting through the hydrate stability zone at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. Free gas supplied from below forms hydrate, depletes water, and elevates salinity until pore water is too saline for further hydrate formation. This system self-generates local three-phase equilibrium and allows free gas migration to the seafloor. Log and core data f...

We investigate the oscillatory reaction dynamics in a closed isothermal chemical system: the reversible Lotka-Volterra model. The second law of thermodynamics dictates that the system ultimately reaches an equilibrium. Quasistationary oscillations are analyzed while the free energy of the system serves as a global Lyapunov function of the dissipative dynamics. A natural distinction between regi...

A common approach to study nucleation rates is the estimation of free-energy barriers. This usually requires knowledge about the shape of the forming droplet, a task that becomes notoriously difficult in macromolecular setups starting with a proper definition of the cluster boundary. Here we demonstrate a shape-free determination of the free energy for temperature-driven cluster formation in pa...

There are only a very few known relations in statistical dynamics that are valid for systems driven arbitrarily far-from-equilibrium. One of these is the fluctuation theorem, which places conditions on the entropy production probability distribution of nonequilibrium systems. Another recently discovered far from equilibrium expression relates nonequilibrium measurements of the work done on a sy...

A central endeavor of thermodynamics is the measurement of free energy changes. Regrettably, although we can measure the free energy of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, typically all we can say about the free energy of a nonequilibrium ensemble is that it is larger than that of the same system at equilibrium. Herein, we derive a formally exact expression for the probability distribution o...

Variety of intervention programs for controlling the obesity epidemic has been done worldwide. However, it is still not yet available a scientific tool to measure the effectiveness of those programs.This is due to the difficulty in parameterizing the human interaction and transition process of obesity. A dynamical model for simulating the interaction between healthy people, overweight people, a...