BACKGROUND A four-component system for urate transport in nephrons has been proposed and widely investigated by various investigators studying the mechanisms underlying urinary urate excretion. However, quantitative determinations of urate transport have not been clearly elucidated yet. METHODS The equation C(ua) = {C(cr)(1 - R(1)) + TSR}(1 - R(2)) was designed to approximate mathematically u...

A robust two-stage shape retrieval (TSR) method is proposed to address the 2D shape retrieval problem. Most state-of-the-art shape retrieval methods are based on local features matching and ranking. Their retrieval performance is not robust since they may retrieve globally dissimilar shapes in high ranks. To overcome this challenge, we decompose the decision process into two stages. In the firs...

Tethered Space Robot (TSR), which is connected to a mother spacecraft through a peace of tether, is a new space system proposed in the previous work. Expected applications are satellite servicing, retrieval of debris, inspection of space structure, soft landing, and so on. TSR differs from the existing tethered systems. We envision the tethered subsatellite to be a multi-body system, whose atti...

We consider inductive limits A of sequences A\ —> Ai —» of finite direct sums of C*-algebras of continuous functions from compact Hausdorff spaces into full matrix algebras. We prove that A has topological stable rank (tsr) one provided that A is simple and the sequence of the dimensions of the spectra of Aι is bounded. For unital A, tsr (̂ 4) = 1 means that the set of invertible elements is den...

hrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) contains three type 1 repeats (TSRs), which mediate cell attachment, glycosaminoglycan binding, inhibition of angiogenesis, activation of TGF , and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. The crystal structure of the TSRs reported in this article reveals a novel, antiparallel, three-stranded fold that consists of alternating stacked layers of tryptophan and arginine res...

Circumsporozoite (CS) protein is the major surface component of Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites and is essential for host cell invasion. A vaccine containing tandem repeats, region III, and thrombospondin type-I repeat (TSR) of CS is efficacious in phase III trials but gives only a 35% reduction in severe malaria in the first year postimmunization. We solved crystal structures showing that re...

This paper numerically investigates a 3D mesh independency study of a straight blade horizontal axis tidal turbine modelled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The solution was produced by employing two turbulence models, the standard k-ε model and Shear Stress Transport (SST) in ANSYS CFX. Three parameters were investigated: mesh resolution, turbulence model, and power coefficient in the...

Transmission characteristics of tonic stretch reflex (TSR) pathways in both normal and spastic patients have been measured during different levels of sustained voluntary contraction of the biceps brachii muscle. A cross-correlation technique of analysis was used to separate reflex responses from the total electromyographic activity. TSR transmission in normal subjects was observed to change wit...