The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) uses undercover, or covert, testing to approximate techniques that terrorists may use to identify vulnerabilities in and measure the performance of airport security systems. During these tests, undercover inspectors attempt to pass threat objects through passenger and baggage screening systems, and access secure airport areas. In response to a co...

This article reports on a study of the effect of trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. TSA pretreatment potently diminishes LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release and both mRNA and protein levels of iNOS in macrophages. The effec...

Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been demonstrated to protect damaged liver cells and is currently administered in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Liver precursor cells, also termed oval cells, are key in the repair of liver tissues following injury. However, whether TSA improves the function of liver cells and protects the liver from injury by enha...

This study described surgical treatment patterns for proximal humerus fractures among elderly patients, focusing on reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), and evaluated how the type of fixation affects inpatient factors (cost, length of stay), transfusion rates, and patient disposition (home vs skilled nursing facility). With Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2011 to 2013, the authors i...

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is an effective approach for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions affecting the shoulder, including osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis and osteonecrosis, and the number of TSA implanted has grown exponentially over the past decade. This review gives an update of the major complications, mainly infections, instability and loosening, encountered ...

BACKGROUND Accurate microbiological surveillance in haemodialysis centres is important as end-stage renal patients can suffer from pyrogenic reactions due to bacterial contamination of dialysis fluids. To evaluate the microbiological quality of haemodialysis fluids, special nutrient-poor culture techniques are necessary. Although the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (A...

BACKGROUND A previous study revealed that patients perceived physician reimbursement to be much higher than current Medicare schedules for hip and knee replacement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient perception of surgeon reimbursement for total shoulder replacement (TSA) and rotator cuff repair (RCR). METHODS The study surveyed 250 patients. Patients were asked what they belie...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare the levels of total (TSA) and free (FSA) sialic acid in acute and chronic liver diseases. MaTERIALS AND METHODS: The serum TSA and FSA levels were determined in 278 patients suffering from acute and chronic liver diseases of different etiologies. TSA was estimated by enzymatic method and FSA by the thiobarbituric method modified by Skoza and...

PURPOSE The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) has been shown to act as an anti-tumor agent; however, the effect and mechanism of TSA on the invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. METHODS To determine whether TSA suppresses the invasiveness of ESCC cell via HDAC2, the expression of HDAC2 in ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were...