In intense tropical cyclones, sea level pressures at the center are 50–100 hPa lower than outside the vortex, but only 10–30 hPa of the total pressure fall occurs inside the eye between the eyewall and the center. Warming by dry subsidence accounts for this fraction of the total hydrostatic pressure fall. Convection in the eyewall causes the warming by doing work on the eye to force the thermal...

The scientific objectives of the effort are to apply several techniques developed within the program, including Monte Carlo ensemble approaches, techniques adapted from non-linear systems analysis and optimal combinations of forecasting approaches to estimating the intrinsic limits to predictability for (i) tropical cyclone mean forecast position errors in the first instance, and (ii) to tropic...

Tropical storms, such as cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons, present major threats to coastal communities. Around two million people worldwide have died and millions have been injured over the past two centuries as a result of tropical storms. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to tropical cyclones, with around 718 000 deaths from them in the past 50 years. However, cyclone-related mortality in...

A numerical experiment for the study of the development and the structure of tropical cyclones is performed with a 13-layer model. The total amount of latent heat released in a vertical column of air is specified by the horizontal mass convergence in the friction layer, as proposed by Ooyama (1964) . The vertical distribution of released latent heat is assumed to be proportional to the temperat...

[1] Recent historical Northern Hemisphere (NH) tropical cyclone (TC) inactivity is compared with strikingly large observed variability during the past three decades. Yearly totals of the combined active-basin NH accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) are highly correlated with boreal spring seasurface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean and are representative of an evolving dual-gyre, trans-...

Education is often considered a means for enhancing adaptive capacity, based on the consideration that formal education is likely to improve the ability of individuals to evaluate risks and respond to warning information. We explore the relation between the level and nature of education and enhanced ability to respond to tropical cyclone risk. We make a distinction between formal school-based e...

The CloudSat 94-GHz Cloud Profiling Radar was designed to provide global information on the vertical structure of clouds. It was launched in April 2006, joining the A-Train of earth science satellites. Although primarily focused on clouds and climate, the CloudSat radar also provides a unique view of the vertical structure of clouds in tropical cyclones. The authors use data from CloudSat and o...

Numerical simulations of tropical cyclones are performed to examine the effects of a variable Coriolis parameter on the structure and intensity of hurricanes. The simulations are performed using the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model using a 5-km fine mesh and fully explicit representation of moist processes. Wh...

A theoretical wind profile algorithm is implemented into a hurricane wind analysis tool to improve a 2-dimensional objective wind analysis. Validation of hurricane surface wind speeds from remote sensing technology has been difficult due to a lack of sufficient storm data needed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Research Division Real Time Hurricane Wind Analysis...