Sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs) are a relatively new class of insecticides, with a mechanism of action different from those of other classes of insecticides that target voltage-gated sodium channels. These compounds have no effect at hyperpolarized membrane potentials, but cause a voltage-dependent, nearly irreversible block as the membrane potential is depolarized. The mechanism of...

continuous and excessive use of organophosphorus compounds has led to thecontamination of water and soil ecosystems. the degradation of organophosphorusinsecticides, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos- methyl, cyanophos and malathion in mineral saltsmedia were studied. the effect of additional biofertilizers, singly or combined withorganic amendments, on chlorpyrifos and cyanophos degrading activity in...

b a ckground: the present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of in-secticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. one representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (ddvp) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-p...

background: the cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has been occurred in dehbakri county, located 46 km of bam dis­trict, kerman province since 2004–2005. phlebotomus papatasi is an important vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmanisis (zcl) as well as sand fly fever and p. sergenti is considered as main vector of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in iran. there are several measures for vector...

To evaluate the effectiveness of selected insecticides and a botanical extract in management of okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vittella an experiment was conducted in the field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during January to May 2011. Effectiveness of two synthetic insecticides (Kinalux 25 EC and Ecofuran 5 G) and a botanical (Neem leaf...

cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera (hübner) is one of the most destructive insect pests on many crops in the world that has been found to develop resistance against conventional insecticides. using insecticides with different modes of action may result in appropriate control of the pest and delay insecticide resistance development. in this study, lethal and sublethal effects of emamectin ben...

Honeybee, Apis mellifera, is one of the most important pollinators in the world. Since pesticides have been used widely, honeybees are unavoidable at risk exposing to various contaminated sources of residual pesticides while they are engaging foraging activities in collecting nectar and pollens. The effects of various levels of sub-lethal dosages of insecticides on the biology, development and ...