A diet containing 20 ppm (micrograms/g) of purified deoxynivalenol (DON) was fed to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats for 60 and 15 days, respectively, before breeding. Rats consuming feed amended with DON throughout pregnancy and lactation showed no clinical signs of toxicity, nor did the control or pair-fed control groups. Male rats in the DON treatment group showed no feed refusal but were...

In R (Axon) v Secretary of State for Health the Gillick competence test was confirmed. Commitment to childhood autonomy and privacy rights caused renewed academic criticism of the 'refusal' cases. This paper considers the form any changes to the law may take, and the potential consequences for the rights of parents and young people. Silber J.'s contention that parental Article 8 rights cease wh...

Abstract Despite public policies, congenital syphilis infection remains a reality in the health system routine. Moreover, its epidemiological rates continue to be relevant and worrisome despite widespread effective preventive methods, highly cost-effective treatments available Unified Health System, high-coverage pre-natal care. A major obstacle eradicating this scenario is treatment refusal by...

This article examines one kind of conscientious refusal: the refusal of healthcare professionals to treat sexual dysfunction in individuals with a history of sexual offending. According to what I call the orthodoxy, such refusal is invariably impermissible, whereas at least one other kind of conscientious refusal-refusal to offer abortion services-is not. I seek to put pressure on the orthodoxy...

May a doctor treat a patient, despite that patient's refusal, when in his professional opinion treatment is necessary? This is the dilemma which must from time to time confront most physicians. An examination of the validity of such a refusal is provided by the present authors who use the case history of a patient refusing treatment, for cancer as well as for a fractured hip, to evaluate the gr...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to address the complex psychopathologic factors involved in treatment refusal observed in adolescents suffering from a severe chronic illness. METHOD We report on five chronically ill adolescents (2 diabetes mellitus, 1 maple syrup urine disease, 1 bird fancier's lung, 1 HIV infection) who were consecutively admitted to an inpatient psychiatric service as...

BACKGROUND The cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design provides an opportunity to incorporate the benefits of randomisation within clinical practice; thus reducing costs, integrating electronic healthcare records, and improving external validity. This study aims to address a key concern of the cmRCT design: refusal to treatment is only present in the intervention arm, and thi...