The objective of this case report is to introduce a simple technique for simultaneously taking a closed-mouth impression and functionally generated path (FGP) for a full coverage crown restoration. A monolithic zirconia crown was the restoration of choice. An alginate impression of the abutment tooth was taken to fabricate a custom-made closed-mouth impression tray covering the abutment tooth a...

OBJECTIVE This study is a proof of concept to determine the efficacy of a custom-fabricated tray in placing antimicrobial and debriding agents in the periodontal pockets of persons with active gingival infections. Localized subgingival delivery of antimicrobial and antibiotic agents is routinely employed as adjunctive therapy for the treatment and management ofperiopathogens associated with per...

W hile working in the classroom with orthopedically handicapped and multihandicapped pre-school children, the need arose for a piece of equipment that would permit a child to work with tactile stimulation activities as independently as possible while also freeing the teacher and aide to move about and work with several children simultaneously instead of being restricted to a one-to-one si tuation.

Distillation has remained an important separation technology for the chemical process industries. In 1997 it was reported in the journal Chemical Engineering that about 95% of all worldwide separation processes use this technology. In the USA alone, some 40000 distillation columns represent a capital investment of about US $8 billion. They consume the energy equivalent of approximately 1 billio...

In this paper, novel equipment for laboratory studies of heterogeneously catalyzed reactive distillation is described. The so called D+R tray equipment consists of a combination of conventional bubble cap trays with sections that are filled with catalyst and through which the liquid flows when it passes from one distillation tray down to the next. It is designed so that the catalyst can be easi...

A robust nonlinear control law is designed to reject unknown feed composition disturbances with overall stability. Implementation to real columns as well as comparisons with classical control strategies, show the robustness and flexibility improvements of the method. Almtracq-Using singular perturbation techniques on a physical model of distillation column, an aggregated model is proposed for c...

The application of tracer techniques to the sugar industry is reviewed. This includes the investigation of residence time distribution in clarifiers, evaporators, continuous pans, crystallizers and fluidized bed dryers; the flow split in diffusers and evaporator vessels; leak detection; measurement of entrainment in vacuum pans and determination of system volumes such as cooling water ponds.

Drying is a highly energy-intensive process, accounting for 10–20%of total industrial energy use in most developed countries. The main reason for this is the need to supply the latent heat of evaporation to remove the water or other solvent. There are thus clear incentives to reduce energy use in drying: to conserve finite resources of fossil fuels, to reduce carbon footprint and combat climate...

The thermal efficiency of a distillation column may be improved by permitting heat exchange on every tray rather than only in the reboiler and the condenser. Thermodynamic length optimizations on discrete systems specify the optimal temperature of each tray and consequently the amount of heat to be added or withdrawn in order to maintain that temperature.

The development of the quality control and the energy conservation needs more and more sophisticated methods in the post-harvest technologies i.e. the drying and the storage. To develop advanced methods detailed measurements are necessary to be carried out on the state of the product and the surrounding air. In this paper the development of a low range air speed sensor for this purpose is prese...