OBJECTIVES This study examines how engagement in transport-related physical activity (TPA), perceptions of the commute route, actual travel distance, and perceptions of travel distance vary by degree of urbanization in rural and remote areas of Central Queensland, Australia. METHOD A random, cross-sectional sample of 1230 adults aged 18 years and over residing in rural and remote Central Quee...

BACKGROUND Changes in the location and availability of surgical services change the distances that patients must travel for surgery. Identifying health effects related to travel distance is therefore crucial to evaluating policies that affect the geographic distribution of these services. We examine the health outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients in Pennsylvania for evidence...

BACKGROUND Maternal exposures to traffic-related air pollution have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exposures to traffic-related air pollutants are strongly influenced by time spent near traffic. However, little is known about women's travel activities during pregnancy and whether questionnaire-based data can provide reliable information on travel patterns during pregnancy. O...

The disparate characteristics between conventional (CVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in terms of driving range, refill/recharge time, and availability of refuel/recharge infrastructure inherently limit the relative utility of BEVs when benchmarked against traditional driver travel patterns. However, given a high penetration of highpower public charging combined with driver tolerance fo...

We study the sensitivity of wave travel times to steady and spatially homogeneous horizontal flows added to a realistic simulation of the solar convection performed by Robert F. Stein, Ake Nordlund, Dali Georgobiani, and David Benson. Three commonly used definitions of travel times are compared. We show that the relationship between travel-time difference and flow amplitude exhibits a non-linea...

This vignette describes gdistance, an R package which provides functionality to calculate various distance measures and routes in heterogeneous geographic spaces represented as grids. Distances are fundamental to geospatial analysis (Tobler 1970). The most commonly used geographic distance measure is the great-circle distance, which represents the shortest line between two points, taking into a...

A new theoretical method for computing travel distance, number of turns, and cyclone pressure drop has been developed and is presented in this article. The flow pattern and cyclone dimensions determine the travel distance in a cyclone. The effective number of turns was calculated based on the travel distance. Cyclone pressure drop is composed of five pressure loss components. The frictional pre...

Point configurations have been widely used as model systems in condensed-matter physics, materials science, and biology. Statistical descriptors, such as the n -body distribution function g(n), are usually employed to characterize point configurations, among which the most extensively used is the pair distribution function g(2). An intriguing inverse problem of practical importance that has bee...

BACKGROUND How an animal moves through its environment directly impacts its survival, reproduction, and thus biological fitness. A basic measure describing how an individual (or group) travels through its environment is Day Path Length (DPL), i.e., the distance travelled in a 24-hour period. Here, we investigate the ecological determinants of baboon (Papio spp.) troop DPL and movements at local...

Analytical modeling and insights, numerical experiments, and real-world tour data are used to understand the impact of congestion on urban tour characteristics, carriers’ costs, and distance/time traveled. This paper categorizes tours into three classes based on their tour efficiency and variable costs structure. Travel time/distance between customers and depot is found to be a crucial factor t...