In this paper, a model for hybrid transmission expansion planning (TEP) and reactive power planning (RPP) considering demand response (DR) model has been presented. In this study RPP considered by TEP for its effects on lines capacity and reduction of system expansion costs. On the other hand the expansion of the transmission system is an important subject, especially dealing with the new i...

Abstract. Long-range, low-power, wide-area network modulation technique (LoRa) is already used in a variety of fields, such as agriculture and healthcare, to reliably transmit small amount data above ground. Research measuring the reliability signal strength LoRa devices underground, however, rare. The purpose this study test from shallow-depth, underground conditions. experiments are divided i...

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00028-021-00715-0