the paper focuses on the following four english translations of the holy quran done by a.arbery, m. pickthall,a.yusuf ali, and s.v mir ahmad ali . they are four of the famous english translations, each done with a particular mode or temperament.

Naively collecting translations by crowdsourcing the task to non-professional translators yields disfluent, low-quality results if no quality control is exercised. We demonstrate a variety of mechanisms that increase the translation quality to near professional levels. Specifically, we solicit redundant translations and edits to them, and automatically select the best output among them. We prop...

Naively collecting translations by crowdsourcing the task to non-professional translators yields disfluent, low-quality results if no quality control is exercised. We demonstrate a variety of mechanisms that increase the translation quality to near professional levels. Specifically, we solicit redundant translations and edits to them, and automatically select the best output among them. We prop...

N-gram measures of translation quality, such as BLEU and the related NIST metric, are becoming increasingly important in machine translation, yet their behaviors are not fully understood. In this paper we examine the performance of these metrics on professional human translations into German of two literary genres, the Bible and Tom Sawyer. The most surprising result is that some machine transl...

ion, the logical hierarchy of the stages of universality, and indeed also there, where the relationships of domination are caused to mask themselves behind democratic procedures. The Juridical Sphere 303-305 Following the Phenomenology and the Logic, Hegel drove the cult of the course of the world the furthest in the Philosophy of Law. The medium, in which what is bad is preserved for the sake ...

In this article we first show how the functional and the optimized functional translation from modal logic to many-sorted first-order logic can be naturally extended to the hybrid language H(@, ↓). The translation is correct not only when reasoning over the class of all models, but for any firstorder definable class. We then show that sorts can be safely removed (i.e., without affecting the sat...

Performing link prediction in Knowledge Bases (KBs) with embedding-based models, like with the model TransE (Bordes et al., 2013) which represents relationships as translations in the embedding space, have shown promising results in recent years. Most of these works are focused on modeling single relationships and hence do not take full advantage of the graph structure of KBs. In this paper, we...

When translating a system description from one speciication language to another, it is, in many cases, inevitable that the underlying models of the original and the translated speciication will be diierent. The notion of property transformation can be used to deene the relation between the properties of the original and the translated model. In an earlier paper, deenitions of 'faithful' transla...

BACKGROUND Cochrane collaboration has made a huge contribution to the development of evidence-based medicine; Cochrane work is the international gold standard of independent, credible and reliable high-quality information in medicine. Over the past 20 years the Cochrane Collaboration helped transforming decision-making in health and reforming it significantly, saving lives and contributing to l...

After a brief promenade on the several notions of translations that appear in the literature, we concentrate on three paradigms of translations between logics: conservative translations, transfers and contextual translations. Though independent, such approaches are here compared and assessed against questions about the meaning of a translation and about comparative strength and extensibility of...