The purpose of this paper is to introduce electrical discharge phenomena known as transient luminous events above thunderstorms to the lightning protection community. Transient luminous events include the upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms known as starters, jets, and gigantic jets, and electrical discharges initiated in the lower ionosphere such as sprites, halos, and elves. We gi...

In this article, a transformer model is presented that applicable to low frequency electromagnetic transient phenomena of up 1 kHz. An example the energization no-load analyzed. A simplifed analytical approach first. Due limitations approach, numerical introduced for solution stiff differential equations describe phenomena. both cases, algorithms have been developed generating waveforms state v...