Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has been reported on its effect to reorganize the sensory neural network in central nervous system, similar as observations traditional invasive stimulation.

Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a noninvasive method to electrically stimulate afferent structures of the human lumbar spinal cord. These are the same neural targets as predominantly activated by epidural implants. Biophysical principles derived from computer simulations contributed to the identification of the directly activated neural structures. These simulations combine fini...

This study evaluated patients who were given transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) compared with a matched group without TENS prior to intervention and at 1-year follow-up. Patients who were treated with TENS had significantly fewer hospital and clinic visits, used less diagnostic imaging (31 vs 46 events per 100 patients), had fewer physical therapy visits (94 vs 107), and require...

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a noninvasive, inexpensive and safe analgesic technique used for relieving acute and chronic pain. However, despite all these advantages, there has been very little research into the therapeutic effects of TENS on brain activity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence on the effect of high frequency TENS on the gamma ...