Explicit self-representations often conflict with implicit and intuitive self-representations, with such discrepancies being seen as a source of psychological tension. Most of previous research on the psychological effects of mindfulness-meditation has assessed people's self-attitudes at an explicit level, leaving unknown whether mindfulness-meditation promotes changes on implicit self-represen...

Two groups, each composed of25 college students matched for age and sex, were compared on their performance on a reaction time test. The experimental group (meditators) and the control group (nonmeditators) initially responded 100 times to a light stimulus and then either meditated for 20 minutes (experimental group) or rested with eyes closed for 20 minutes (control group). After the 20-minute...

Interhemispheric symmetry of the EEG was studied in three groups, each with six subjects, using a Neurodata S.A. 2100 symmetry analyzer with frontal or parietal electrode placements. After eyes-open and eyes-closed precontrol periods, the experimental group practiced Transcendental Meditation while the one control group was instructed to relax as deeply as possible and the other to concentrate ...

In this meta-analysis, we give a comprehensive overview of the effects of meditation on psychological variables that can be extracted from empirical studies, concentrating on the effects of meditation on nonclinical groups of adult meditators. Mostly because of methodological problems, almost ¾ of an initially identified 595 studies had to be excluded. Most studies appear to have been conducted...

Zen-Buddhist meditation originated more than 2,500 years ago, and had been proved to benefit the health while on the way toward the ultimate Buddhahood state. Meditation process reflects a brain state completely differing from the normal consciousness or the sleep states. Different meditating techniques have been studied for several decades [1][12]. They are mostly the TM (transcendental medita...

In 170 individuals practising the Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique or simple relaxation techniques (progressive relaxation, hatha yoga, simulated meditation, or no technique) the electrodermal activity ( GSR) was measured while they were exposed to disturbing noises. TM practitioners as a whole showed significantly less GSR changes as compared to the other groups, indicating an increase...

OBJECTIVE Although the efficacy of meditation interventions has been examined among adult samples, meditation treatment effects among youth are relatively unknown. We systematically reviewed empirical studies for the health-related effects of sitting-meditative practices implemented among youth aged 6 to 18 years in school, clinic, and community settings. METHODS A systematic review of electr...

During the past two decades, the United States has become increasingly concerned with reducing medical care expenditures while continuing to improve the health of Americans. However, medical costs have continued to rise rapidly, despite efforts to contain them. Unlike the treatment-based strategies for health care that are currently in wide use, prevention-oriented approaches offer great unreal...