Miniflaps at the trailing edges of airfoils (e.g., Gurney flaps or divergent trailing edges) change the Kutta condition and thus produce higher lift. Unfortunately, however, the drag is also increased due to the flow separation downstream of this particular type of trailing edge. Therefore, the trade-off between beneficial and detrimental effects is considered in this paper. Various aspects of ...

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of trailing edge serrations on airfoil instability noise. Detailed aeroacoustic measurements are presented of the noise radiated by an NACA-0012 airfoil with trailing edge serrations in a low to moderate speed flow under acoustical free field conditions. The existence of a separated boundary layer near the trailing edge of the airfoil at a...

This study analyzes signaling events initiated through binding of the leukocyte integrin LFA-1 to ICAM-1, which leads to T cell attachment, polarization and random migration. These events are critically dependent on dynamic changes in the acto-myosin cytoskeleton under the regulation of myosin light chain kinase and ROCK (Rho kinase). A key finding is that the activity of these two kinases is s...

Mammalian cells develop a polarized morphology and migrate directionally into a wound in a monolayer culture. To understand how microtubules contribute to these processes, we used GFP-tubulin to measure dynamic instability and GFP-EB1, a protein that marks microtubule plus-ends, to measure microtubule growth events at the centrosome and cell periphery. Growth events at the centrosome, or nuclea...

†Background The trailing edges of species ranges are becoming a subject of increasing interest as the environment changes due to global warming. Trailing edge populations are likely to face extinction because of a decline in numbers and an inability to evolve new adaptations with sufficient speed. Discussions of character change in the trailing edge have focused on physiological, exomorphic and...

Many stimulus-detection systems are lateralized to allow for simultaneous comparison of paired stimuli. It has been hypothesized that the deeply forked tongue of snakes and some derived lizards functions as a chemical edge detector where cues gathered by each tine are kept separate to provide two points of lateral odor assessment by the central nervous system via vomeronasal input. While follow...

Biologically inspired finlet treatments have been shown to effectively reduce the trailing-edge noise of a flat plate and hence are viable noise-suppression technology for engineering applications. The present work performs thorough experimental investigation on near-field dynamics surface applied plate. To examine underlying noise-reduction mechanism, manipulated flow field is analysed using d...