Well-studied innate immune systems exist throughout bacteria and archaea, but a more recently discovered genomic locus may offer prokaryotes surprising immunological adaptability. Mediated by a cassette-like genomic locus termed Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), the microbial adaptive immune system differs from its eukaryotic immune analogues by incorporating n...

A field study was conducted to record observations of 41,744 market-weight pigs upon arrival at a commercial abattoir to evaluate the relationships between various independent factors and open-mouth breathing, skin discoloration, lameness, unloading time, and mortality during transport. Observations were recorded from 242 trailer loads on 46 separate days over a period of 14 mo. Travel time (<2...

The Two-Echelon Routing Problem constitutes a class of combinatorial optimization problems with applications in many different fields such as city logistic planning, intermodal transportation, postal and parcel delivery distribution systems and so on. This thesis contains: a survey of the main contributions related to the two-echelon routing, focusing on the Two-Echelon Location Routing Problem...

Two experiments were done to assess the effects of season, truck type, and location in the truck on the gastrointestinal tract temperature (GTT) of market-weight pigs during transport. In Exp. 1, a total of 504 sentinel pigs were selected from a total load of 3,756 pigs over 12 wk in summer or winter and transported in either a double-decked (DD) hydraulic truck or a pot-belly (PB) trailer for ...

In recent years, a truck-trailer system is the most useful physical distribution system. The truck-trailer systems have more convenience than coastal services or freight trains. Meanwhile, problems of the traffic jam and the air pollution in an urban area have become serious, year after year. Therefore improvement and rationalization of the transport efficiency are social needs. There are many ...

T a r g e t i n g t h e M a r k e t f o r first noticed a problem when they were S t o l e n G o o d s : P u t t i n g a plagued with an unusually high number of N e e d l e i n t o t h e H a y s t a c k "trailer theft" calls for service. During the first eight months of 1996, more than 37 trailJudge's Commentary ers were stolen and only three trailers were Officers and agencies wishing to enga...

In recent years, urban rail transportation has rapidly developed in China and become one of the most important modes travel. Most existing studies on dynamic characteristics trains have been based single-section trains, there fewer marshaling that incorporate traction transmission systems. The performance each carriage directly affects operational reliability even running safety trains. For thi...