Special foundations theories of justification can be contrasted with no-foundations theories. The two sorts of theories differ in the answers they give to the question, “Which of a person’s beliefs and inferential methods require justification in terms of other beliefs and/or methods?” No-foundations theories answer that all beliefs and methods require such justification. Special foundation’s t...

materials and methods in the present study, authors have attempted to state the life and time of jorjani and his views by studying the history, old medical sources, and other provided recent medical literature in these fields. results the biography of hakim jorjani has been well reviewed and described precisely. conclusions based on our findings, it is clear that jorjani described and explained...

traditional houses enjoy an organizing with inner spaces based on religious and traditional notions of iranian families. space flexibility, readability, introversion, spatial hierarchy and family privacy have had a special status in architecture of iranian houses, replaced with an outward-oriented architecture. the traditional architecture which has had all the necessary spaces for any communic...

This paper represents the first installment of a larger project devoted to the relevance of pragmatism for bioethics. One self-consciously pragmatist move would be to return to the classical pragmatist canon of Peirce, James and Dewey in search of substantive doctrines or methodological approaches that might be applied to current bioethical controversies. Another pragmatist (or neopragmatist) m...

The status of universalism has been much debated by feminists at the end of the twentieth century. Poststructuralist feminism is readily positioned in these debates as antagonistic to normative universalism. It is criticized as such: how is injustice to be judged and condemned if contestation and the openness of ungrounded universalism are the only ideals? This paper is a ‘sub-philosophical’ en...

This thesis is a conceptual study of institutionalised Islamophobia in British universities. My analysis is illustrated, although not driven, by exemplars drawn from fieldwork undertaken in four case study universities. The thesis is situated in the paradoxical context of increasing provisions for Muslim students that occurred throughout the 1990s while simultaneously fears of Muslim student 'f...

Abstract The political philosophy of radical democracy has made innumerable invaluable contributions to theories democracy. However, while democrats tend focus on the political, a cogent and comprehensive framework law appropriate only recently been begun be developed. Interpreting vast tradition based at least fundamental tenets equality, anti-foundationalism, lesser extent conflict, this pape...

This inquiry examines the structure of knowledge nationalism. While numerous studies on nationalism focus nature and defining elements nations, this research explores discourse from a purely epistemological viewpoint asks two overarching questions: what are constitutive beliefs in these various theories how they structured? The first section outlines contemporary foundationalist argument analyz...

In this paper I develop a theory of reasons that has strong similarities to Peter Klein’s infinitism. The view I develop, Framework Reasons, upholds Klein’s principles of avoiding arbitrariness (PAA) and avoiding circularity (PAC) without requiring an infinite regress of reasons. A view of reasons that holds that the ‘reason for’ relation is constrained by PAA and PAC can avoid an infinite regr...