In this paper, an efficient multi-objective model is proposed to solve time-cost trade off problem considering cash flows. The proposed multi-objective meta-heuristic is based on Ant colony optimization and is called Non Dominated Archiving Ant Colony Optimization (NAACO). The significant feature of this work is consideration of uncertainties in time, cost and more importantly interest rate. A ...

Web-based systems are software systems with a Web interface. In recent years it has successfully penetrated into our everyday life. Development of such systems has also opened a new area in software engineering: Web engineering. Many studies found that Web development often experiences much shorter cycle time than traditional software development. It conflicts with some non-functional requireme...

the concept of decision making, factors influencing it and the related outcomes have always attracted researchers. the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sacred values on decision making, decision difficulty and the resulting negative emotions. thus, a sample of 288 students from the university of guilan were chosen as subjects and were required to complete a standard questio...

40 For decisions made under time pressure, effective decision making based on 41 uncertain or ambiguous evidence requires efficient accumulation of evidence 42 over time, as well as appropriately balancing speed and accuracy, known as the 43 speed/accuracy trade-off. For simple unimodal stimuli, previous studies have 44 shown that human subjects set their speed/accuracy trade-off to maximize 45...

This paper draws attention to project trade-offs significance in project management and critically reviews the current state of the knowledge on the elements to be considered and the methods to resolve trade-off decisions. Traditionally the elements to be considered in trade-offs are mainly limited to time and cost and to some extent quality or risk or the well-known Project Triangle. The trade...

Soil erosion is a serious problem especially in northern parts of Iran. One themost important side effects on soil erosion may be the decline in qualities of soil refers toagricultural productivity. So it is very important to assess the soil erosion risk for thesustainable development of agriculture. This study outlines ways undertaken to provide anew tool to manage water erosion from physical ...

A common trade-off in product design is form versus function. While function is typically analyzed and understood quite well, user preferences for the visual shape of a form are not. Product shape has become an increasingly important market differentiator, and so the need for better shape preference analysis has also increased. Conjoint analysis and PREFMAP are preference assessment techniques ...

By polling individual responses to hypothetical scenarios, valuation studies estimate population preferences toward health on a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) scale. The scenarios typically involve trade-offs in time (time trade-off (TTO)), risk (standard gamble (SG)), or number of persons affected (person trade-off (PTO)). This paper revisits the QALY assumptions and provides a coherent hea...

Using a set of genetic logic gates (AND, OR and XOR), we constructed a binary full-adder. The optimality analysis of the full-adder showed that, based on the position of the regulation threshold, the system displays different optimal configurations for speed and accuracy under fixed metabolic cost. In addition, the analysis identified an optimal trade-off curve bounded by these two optimal conf...