In this paper, an efficient multi-objective model is proposed to solve time-cost trade off problem considering cash flows. The proposed multi-objective meta-heuristic is based on Ant colony optimization and is called Non Dominated Archiving Ant Colony Optimization (NAACO). The significant feature of this work is consideration of uncertainties in time, cost and more importantly interest rate. A ...

In this paper, a supply chain network design problem is explained which contains environmental concerns in arcs and nodes of network. It is assumed that there are some routes such as road, rail and etc. in each pair of nodes. In this model decision variables are choosing facilities to open, environmental investment level in each facility and flow of products between nodes in each route. A multi...

Breaking the trade-off between thermoelectric (TE) parameters has long been demanded in order to highly enhance its performance. Here, we report the 'trade-off-free' interdependence between thermal conductivity (κ) and resistivity (ρ) in a TE/metal tilted multilayer and significant enhancement of TE power generation based on the off-diagonal thermoelectric (ODTE) effect, which generates transve...

In today’s competitivemarkets, most firms in United Kingdom and United States offer their products on trade credit to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. Trade credit is calculated based on time value of money on the purchase cost (i.e., discounted cash flow analysis). Recently, many researchers use discounted cash flow analysis only on the purchase cost but not on the revenue (which is signi...

All existing sea otter, Enhydra lutris, populations have suffered at least one historic population bottleneck stemming from the fur trade extirpations of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. We examined genetic variation, gene flow, and population structure at five microsatellite loci in samples from five pre-fur trade populations throughout the sea otter's historical range: California, Ore...

Inventory models in which the demand rate dependents on the stock- dependent are based on the common real- life observation that greater product availability tends to stimulate more sales. In this study we develop an inventory model to determine an optimal ordering policy for quantity dependent demand rate and time dependent holding cost items with delay in payments permitted by the supplier un...

With the trend of globalization and the continuous development of electronic information technology, E-commerce is applied by enterprises to develop enterprises integrating with the world market. It has become the next potent growth point of international trade development. As Ecommerce is based on electronic information technology and computer network, it is accelerating the process of market ...

a computational optimization was performed for a direct-injection diesel engine using three-dimensional modeling. fully transient cfd analyses of different valve profile strategies for the intake and compression strokes were performed to evaluate the effects on both engine performance and in-cylinder flow-field evolution. the turbulence model was used along with the second order linear upwind s...

The full impact of trade costs in segmenting product markets cannot be captured by considering aggregate prices or in the absence of information on the direction of trade. We address this problem by utilizing product-specific prices, cross-sectional productivity indices, and bilateral trade flows, allowing us to identify the probable source of any one product. We show that trade costs in the fo...