â â â  â â  the paper uses economic and energy data analysis and econometric modeling to study the prospects and challenges of korea’s 2003 fta roadmap (mofat 2013) in the form of potential comprehensive partnerships with its major trade and energy partners. it first reviews korea’s international economic and trade relations in recent years with a focus on its major merchandise export desti...

iverting ileostomy was initially introduced and used by Turnbull and Weakley to provide fecal diversion in patients with toxic megacolon. Traditionally, transverse colostomy has been the preferred method for temporary proximal diversion in patients with colonic obstruction. 3 However, recently, diverting ileostomy has been popularized for proximal diversion, mainly for lack of an offensive odor...

Tari¤ Concessions in a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) are likely to divert trade from non-participating countries. Consequently, their welfare will deteriorate if the tari¤ rates of the incumbents remain the same. In a general equilibrium framework with multiple goods and multiple regions, this paper clari...es the determinants of the trade diversion. Similarity between the excess supply st...

We study search diversion by competing intermediaries connecting consumers with thirdparty stores (sellers). Search diversion is a strategic instrument that enables intermediaries to trade-off total consumer traffic for higher revenues per individual consumer visit. It is particularly useful in contexts in which the stores or products which are most sought-after by consumers are not the ones th...

the article depicts the situation before cold war in which developing countries (dcs) and least developed countries (ldcs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of gatt . therefore, they resorted to unctad  as the sole defender of their interests against developed countries in trade negotiations. unctad has ...

East African community (EAC) is a regional economic bloc established to foster corporation between Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania. Using gravity model the study explores short run long effect of on trade using parametric, random fixed estimation techniques. Secondly, investigates whether formation EAC led creation or diversion in among member countries EAC. Lastly, establishes entr...

The article depicts the situation before Cold War in which developing countries (DCs) and least Developed countries (LDCs) found themselves big loser, as they were deprived from participation in trade negotiation process, leading into establishment of GATT . Therefore, they resorted to UNCTAD  as the sole defender of their interests against Developed Countries in trade negotiations. UNCTAD has ...

This paper indicates that the consequences of regional trade agreements for the world trade system may be deceiving—an arrangement’s apparent virtue may constitute the source of its drawback. In a model where governments have political, as well as economic, motivations, I show that a free trade area induces its members to reduce protection against the non-members, and to do so sufficiently deep...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper presents both analytics and numerical simulation results relevant to proposals for carbon motivated regional trade agreements summarized in Dong and Whalley (2010). Unlike traditional regional trade agreements, by lowing tariffs on participant's low carbon emission goods and setting penalties on outsiders to force them to join such agreements, carbon motivated r...