This is the introductory article for a Thematic Collection of four artic les on the use of eye-tracking systems in studies of infant perception and cognition that will appear in a Special Issue of Infancy in 2004.

Scenarios for a manned mission to Mars call for astronaut extravehicular teams to be accompanied by semiautonomous rovers. These rovers must be able to safely follow the astronauts over a variety of terrain with minimal assistance. We propose a color-based visual tracking system as a high-speed sensory approach for astronaut following. In previous work we characterized the accuracy of the syste...

This paper proposes Motion Structure Tracker (MST) to solve the problem of tracking in very crowded structured scenes. It combines visual tracking, motion pattern learning and multi-target tracking. Tracking in crowded scenes is very challenging due to hundreds of similar objects, cluttered background, small object size, and occlusions. However, structured crowded scenes exhibit clear motion pa...

visual servoing is generally contained of control and feature tracking. study of previous methods shows that no attempt has been made to optimize these two parts together. in kernel based visual servoing method, the main objective is to combine and optimize these two parts together and to make an entire control loop. this main target is accomplished by using lyapanov theory. a lyapanov candidat...

a mobile manipulator robot is known as a complex system due to some properties such as coupling between the manipulator and mobile chassis, holonomic and nonholonomic constraints, multivariable and nonlinear dynamics. the control of robot faces the external disturbance, parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. therefore, the use of an adaptive fuzzy system is suggested for its capability ...

Laguerre function has many advantages such as good approximation capability for different systems, low computational complexity and the facility of on-line parameter identification. Therefore, it is widely adopted for complex industrial process control. In this work, Laguerre function based adaptive model predictive control algorithm (AMPC) was implemented to control continuous stirred tank rea...

As a type of symbol, there are four dimensions in icons’ symbolic interpretation, namely semantic, syntactic, contextual and pragmatic dimension. Among those dimensions, semantic dimension is the most important one in user’s cognitive analysis. Based on the representation of semantics, icons can be classified into four types, namely function-metaphor, operation-metaphor, object-metaphor and mea...

Objects in the world exhibit complex interactions. When captured in a video sequence, some interactions manifest themselves as occlusions. A visual tracking system must be able to track objects which are partially or even fully occluded. In this paper we present a method of tracking objects through occlusions using appearance models. These models are used to localize objects during partial occl...

Cross-ratio (CR)-based eye tracking has been attracting much interest due to its simple setup, yet its accuracy is lower than that of the model-based approaches. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, a multi-camera setup can be exploited rather than the traditional single camera systems. The overall gaze point can be computed by fusion of available gaze information from all cameras. This...

Motion tracking has been employed by industry for many years but has remained an expensive and difficult process. Specialist equipment and the requirement for a highly controlled environment are obstacles stopping tracking from breaking into the consumer market. This project aims to demonstrate that high accuracy optical tracking can be achieved using inexpensive video cameras in an unconstrain...