Wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)16 is a key regulator of bone mass with high expression in cortical bone, and Wnt16(-/-) mice have reduced cortical bone mass. As Wnt16 expression is enhanced by estradiol treatment, we hypothesized that the bone-sparing effect of estrogen in females is WNT16-dependent. This hypothesis was tested in mechanistic studies using two genetically modifi...

Bone loss occurs in obesity and cancer-associated complications including wasting. This study determined whether a high-fat diet and a deficiency in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) altered bone structural defects in male C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastases in lungs. Compared to non-tumor-bearing mice, LLC reduced bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular ...

It is generally accepted that the strength and stiffness of trabecular bone is strongly affected by trabecular microstructure. It has also been hypothesized that stress induced adaptation of trabecular bone is affected by trabecular tissue level stress and/or strain. At this time, however, there is no generally accepted (or easily accomplished) technique for predicting the effect of microstruct...

BACKGROUND The risk of experiencing an osteoporotic fracture is greater for adults with type 2 diabetes despite higher than normal bone mineral density (BMD). In addition to BMD, trabecular bone microarchitecture contributes to bone strength, but is not assessed using conventional BMD measurement by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The aim of this study was to compare two year changes in trabec...

Quantification of porosity and degree of mineralization of bone facilitates a better understanding of the possible effects of adaptive bone remodelling and the possible consequences for its mechanical properties. The present study set out first to give a three-dimensional description of the cortical canalicular network in the human mandibular condyle, in order to obtain more information about t...

The mass of growing bones increases through changes in outer dimensions and through the net addition of tissue on inner bone surfaces. In this overview I examine bone accrual as it occurs on trabecular (inner) and periosteal (outer) surfaces. In the axial skeleton, the amount of trabecular bone increases during development, because trabeculae grow thicker as a result of bone remodeling with a p...

PURPOSE Treatment with aromatase inhibitor (AI) is recommended for post-menopausal women with hormone-receptor positive breast cancer. However, AI therapy is known to induce bone loss leading to osteoporosis with an increased risk for fragility fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether changes of magnetic resonance (MR)-based trabecular bone microstructure parameters as ad...

The aim of this work is to report the histopathological features of jaw bone in 24 cases of bisphoshonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. In all cases, lamellar bone trabeculae were thicker (bone sclerosis), had no osteocytes in the lacunae (bone necrosis), and exhibited a Pagetlike structure with marked signs of bone remodeling and formation of multiple trabecular compartments that were not ...

The trabecular and cortical compartments of bone each contributes to bone strength. Until recently, assessment of trabecular and cortical microstructure has required a bone biopsy. Now, trabecular and cortical microstructure of peripheral bone sites can be determined noninvasively using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Studies that have used HR-pQCT to eval...

Many bones are supported internally by a latticework of trabeculae. Scaling of whole bone length and diameter has been extensively investigated, but scaling of the trabecular network is not well characterized. We analysed trabecular geometry in the femora of 90 terrestrial mammalian and avian species with body masses ranging from 3 g to 3400 kg. We found that bone volume fraction does not scale...