A series of novel p-type conjugated copolymers, PTTVBDT, PTTVBDT-TPD, and PTTVBDT-DPP, cooperating benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) and terthiophene-vinylene (TTV) units with/without thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) or pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) via Stille polymerization were synthesized and characterized. Copolymer PTTVBDT shows a low-lying HOMO energy level and ordered mole...

BACKGROUND The first sign of plantar sensory impairment due to aging and peripheral neuropathies are manifested on the soles of the feet and can result in postural control and balance deficits. The aim of cutaneous sensitivity tests is to assess the skin sensory innervation density such as those of the distal segments. In some studies the two-point discrimination test (TPD) have been applied on...

Adsorption and reaction of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) on Pt(1 1 1) and two ordered Pt–Sn alloys has been studied primarily by using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) mass spectrometry and high-resolution electron-energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The two alloys investigated were the (2 · 2) and ( p 3 p3)R30 Sn/Pt(1 1 1) surface alloys with hSn 1⁄4 0:25 and hSn 1⁄4 0:33, respectively, as-prepa...

The growth, and reactivity of monolayer V2O5 films supported on TiO2(110) produced via the oxidation of vapor-deposited vanadium were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Oxidation of vapor-deposited vanadium in 10-7 Torr of O2 at 600 K produced vanadia films that contained primarily V+3, while oxidation in 10-3 Torr at 400 K produced...

This work develops a fuzzy linear programming (FLP) method for solving the transportation planning decision (TPD) problems with fuzzy goals, available supply and forecast demand. The proposed method attempts to minimize the total production and transportation costs and the total delivery time with reference to available supply and machine capacities at each source, as well as forecast demand an...

Temperature programmed desorption TPD has been used to investigate the behavior of cyclohexane C6H12 on Zr 0001 and the effects of 500 eV electron bombardment on its desorption characteristics. Following adsorption at 150 K, molecular desorption above 600 K suggests exceptionally strong interaction between C6H12 and Zr 0001 . These high-temperature desorption features shift to higher temperatur...

Adsorption and co-adsorption of ethylene, acetylene and hydrogen on Pd-Ag particles, supported on thin alumina films, have been studied by temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The TPD results show that adding of Ag to Pd suppresses overall hydrogenat ion activity but increases selectivity towards ethylene, i.e. similar to that observed on real catalysts. The results are rationalized on the ...